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Carcinogenesis

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Carcinogenesis. Review. What's the basic cell structure? What's DNA and where is it located? ... How is the cell cycle controlled? In which step of the cell ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Carcinogenesis


1
Carcinogenesis
  • Review
  • Whats the basic cell structure?
  • Whats DNA and where is it located?
  • How does a mutation initiate cancer?

2
Initiation of cancer
3
Cell Division
  • Multi-step process
  • Regulated by environment and genes
  • G1- cell increases in size
  • S- DNA copied (2 copies present in cell)
  • G2-
  • M- Cell divides

4
Cell Division
5
Questions
  • How is the cell cycle controlled?
  • In which step of the cell cycle would mutations
    arise?

6
Within our genes..
  • Regulatory mechanisms to control growth and
    division
  • Proto-oncogene stimulate cell division
  • Tumor suppressor genes inhibit division
  • Balance of two sets of genes- keeps cells
    dividing normally

7
Regulatory Genes
8
Mutations
  • Mutations- changes in DNA sequences
  • Point mutations- one positions altered
  • Insertions- introduction of new sequences
  • Deletions- removal of sequences
  • Mutations are particularly problematic in
    regulatory genes

9
How do mutation arise?
  • Genetic
  • Carcinogens
  • Spontaneous mutations in DNA replication

10
Mutations
11
Detrimental mutations
  • Mutations that affect regulatory genes are
    particularly detrimental
  • Cell loses ability to control cell division

12
Mutations movie II
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