Dynamic Risk Assessment

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Dynamic Risk Assessment

• Carl Williams CMIOSH

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Human Applications

• Established 1992
• Health Safety, Ergonomics, Business Risk
  Management Services
• Writers/developers/providers of Institute of
  Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH) courses
  since 1992
• Consultants to blue-chip organisations at a
  national level across UK in Europe

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Recent clients include

• Police
• Met, Herts, Leics, Notts, Lincs, Merseyside
  Police Constabularies, Hong Kong Police
• Fire Services
• National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS)
• NHS Trusts
• County, Borough Councils
• Environment Agency

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So what is dynamic risk

• It means different thinks to different people
• Fire services may believe that, in part, it is
  recognition of transitory hazards that they are
  sure will usually be present at some stage of
  dealing with an incident
• Some Police services believe it to be more of the
  application of a thought process that justifies
  choice of tactic, or procedural choices for risk
  associated with the tactic deployed
• So for dynamic risk to work in an organisation
  the organisation will have to decide what it is

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What is the presentation about then

• Over the next 3/4 hour we are going to explore
  what a Dynamic risk system will need and where
  this will fit within a risk management system

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Legal view

• What do we require to meet Risk base legislation

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Principles of risk based safety law

• Risk Assessment
• Reasonably foreseeable significant risks
• Record significant findings
• Risk Reduction
• As low as reasonably practicable
• Risk Monitoring
• Information, Training, Instruction Supervision
• Competency
• Health Surveillance
• Employee Consultation

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Reasonably foreseeable (significant) risks (RFS)

• Examine what you do as an organisation
• Exclude the trivial
• bizarre
• Left with RFS
• Use risk assessment
• to determine priority

LOW
Excluded Issues
MEDIUM
HIGH
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Competency

• The key attributes that contribute to a persons
  competence
• Training
• Qualification
• Knowledge
• Experience
• Ability
• There is one further attribute that almost
  defines when someone is competent
• Knowledge of your Limitations

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So what is dynamic risk

• The on-site assessment by competent employees to
  ensure that controls are adequate and/or to add
  additional controls if required
• This will mean empowering employees to make make
  decisions

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Key causes of bad decisions
Ineffective MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Unsafe BEHAVIOUR
Unsafe CONDITIONS
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The aim
1. Effective MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS implement
procedures to ensure and maintain 2, then 3
2. Safe CONDITIONS - Design/Layout or
Modifications or Adaptions to achieve inherently
Safe Workplaces Workstations and Work
Equipment/Tools
3. Safe BEHAVIOUR is achieved through ongoing
training, effective Supervision living the
Core Values
1
2
3
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An example of the importance of core values - The
Fire Service

• We may risk our lives a lot, in a highly
  calculated manner, to protect saveable lives
• We may risk our lives a little, in a highly
  controlled manner, to protect saveable property
• We will not risk our lives at all for lives or
  property that are already lost
• Source Home Office Guidance

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Risk appetite
Managing riskto add value - the preferred
position!
High Return
Return
Excessive action tominimise all risks
Exposed destroyingvalue
Low Return
Ignorant of Risk
Management Style
Obsessed with Risk
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A risk assessment system
Generic Risk Assessments Nationally issued -
covering common tasks and activities
Task Risk Assessments locally produced where no
Generic Assessment
Supplementary Risk Assessments to extend
application of generic risk assessments by
accommodating local or unusual risks
Dynamic Risk Assessment the on-site assessment by
competent employees to ensure that controls from
generic/task/supplementary assessments are
adequate and to introduce required additional
controls
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Managing risk in dynamic situations
Existing risk controls adequate?
YES


Task
Hazard
Behaviour Competence Filter
Likelihood
NO
Additional risk controls possible?
Risk
x

New risk controls adequate risk deemed
tolerable?
YES
NO
Unknown Until Initial Event
Unknown Until Initial Event
Unknown Until Initial Event
Unknown Until Initial Event
NO
Intolerable Risk (Do NOT carry out task)
Review Learning by Experience(formalise as
appropriate via debrief/feedback)
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Where does dynamic risk assessment sit

• PLANNED/ROUTINE TASKS
• Task risk assessments
• CALL-OUT EVENTS
• Reoccurring but sufficiently dissimilar
• Generic risk assessments
• Non-reoccurring (the unexpected ones)
• Always dynamic situations
• Must be recorded when significant to some degree,
  if it happens once it may then be reasonably
  foreseeable
• Record when significant or where there is a value
  in others learning from the experience

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Filtering for significance

• Clearly not every dynamic event will warrant
  formal feedback
• Is it clear when it must be made and how?
• Who takes the decision on what to do next?
• Amend the RA, SSOW, other controls, training etc
• How will the new learning be passed to the other
  field operatives?
• Who will inform more senior management?
• Need for setting and reviewing guidelines

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Deciding what degree of feedback is necessary

• Guidelines
• No feedback required
• When its a quick and easy sub-task. Well within
  the competencies of the individual 'field
  employee's. Nothing untoward happened. Current
  risk controls worked well. Record in fault log,
  for example.
• Feedback must be recorded and management notified
• When there were unforeseen complications to the
  sub-task further technical advice was required
  existing controls had to be modified in the
  circumstances.
• Feedback must be formally investigated by
  management, recorded, discussed and the generic
  RA must be reviewed or a new assessment
  undertaken
• New high risk sub-tasks were identified risk
  controls did not work, had to be ignored or be
  significantly modified.

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Dynamic risk assessment in a management system
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So a dynamic risk assessment process depends upon

• Competent people who are empowered
• A system to identify the reasonably foreseeable
  significant risks
• A system that records the significant findings
  from a dynamic risk assessment and feeds in to
  the risk management system

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