Genes:

1
Genes Of the 20,000 to 25,000 genes found in
the human genome, an incredible percentage of
this genetic information is shared with a vast
number of animals Our closest genetic relative
is the chimpanzee, our lineages diverging approx
6 million years ago, and 98 of our genes are
IDENTICAL to those of a chimp Chimps have the
same ABO blood group as humans and, for this
gene, you are more closely related to a chimp
with the same blood group than a human with a
different one!
2
Genes Of the 20,000 to 25,000 genes found in
the human genome, an incredible percentage of
this genetic information is shared with a vast
number of animals Our closest genetic relative
is the chimpanzee, our lineages diverging approx
6 million years ago, and 98 of our genes are
IDENTICAL to those of a chimp Chimps have the
same ABO blood group as humans and, for this
gene, you are more closely related to a chimp
with the same blood group than a human with a
different one!
3
Genes Of the 20,000 to 25,000 genes found in
the human genome, an incredible percentage of
this genetic information is shared with a vast
number of animals Our closest genetic relative
is the chimpanzee, our lineages diverging approx
6 million years ago, and 98 of our genes are
IDENTICAL to those of a chimp Chimps have the
same ABO blood group as humans and, for this
gene, you are more closely related to a chimp
with the same blood group than a human with a
different one!
4
Need more evidence?
5
Genes Of the 20,000 to 25,000 genes found in
the human genome, an incredible percentage of
this genetic information is shared with a vast
number of animals Our closest genetic relative
is the chimpanzee, our lineages diverging approx
6 million years ago, and 98 of our genes are
IDENTICAL to those of a chimp Chimps have the
same ABO blood group as humans and, for this
gene, you can be more closely related to a chimp
with the same blood group than a human with a
different one!
6
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
7
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
8
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
9
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
10
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
11
Every gene has a particular position where it
occurs on a chromosome, called a locus (plural
loci) Genes are separated by DNA that does not
code for protein, called Spacer DNA (this is
different to Introns which we will come across
soon) Genes vary and can occur in different
forms Different versions of the same gene are
referred to as alleles Your genotype refers to
the genetic information you carry Your phenotype
refers to how these genes are expressed, which we
will get to later
12
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell, are often expressed continuously While
some genes are expressed continuously, the
expression of others is regulated these genes
switch on or off in response to differing
stimuli Also, different genes are expressed in
different cells simultaneously Gene regulation
controls gene expression by turning a particular
gene on or off Stimuli that effect gene
regulation are incredibly varied from other
genes, through to the amount of light available
13
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell are often expressed continuously While some
genes are expressed continuously, the expression
of others is regulated these genes switch on or
off in response to differing stimuli Also,
different genes are expressed in different cells
simultaneously Gene regulation controls gene
expression by turning a particular gene on or
off Stimuli that effect gene regulation are
incredibly varied from other genes, through to
the amount of light available
14
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell are often expressed continuously While some
genes are expressed continuously, the expression
of others is regulated these genes switch on or
off in response to differing stimuli Also,
different genes are expressed in different cells
simultaneously Gene regulation controls gene
expression by turning a particular gene on or
off Stimuli that effect gene regulation are
incredibly varied from other genes, through to
the amount of light available
15
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell, are often expressed continuously While
some genes are expressed continuously, the
expression of others is regulated these genes
switch on or off in response to differing
stimuli Also, different genes are expressed in
different cells simultaneously Gene regulation
controls gene expression by turning a particular
gene on or off Stimuli that effect gene
regulation are incredibly varied from other
genes, through to the amount of light available
16
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell, are often expressed continuously While
some genes are expressed continuously, the
expression of others is regulated these genes
switch on or off in response to differing
stimuli Also, different genes are expressed in
different cells simultaneously Gene regulation
controls gene expression by turning a particular
gene on or off Stimuli that effect gene
regulation are incredibly varied from other
genes, through to the amount of light available
17
Gene expression and regulation Genes that encode
for proteins that are in constant use within a
cell, are often expressed continuously While
some genes are expressed continuously, the
expression of others is regulated these genes
switch on or off in response to differing
stimuli Also, different genes are expressed in
different cells simultaneously Gene regulation
controls gene expression by turning a particular
gene on or off Stimuli that effect gene
regulation are incredibly varied from other
genes, through to the amount of light available
18
Gene regulation is poorly understood, however,
the process is better understood for unicellular
prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria) than it is for
multicellular eukaryotes Any step of gene
expression may be regulated, from the DNA-RNA
transcription step to post-translational
modification of a protein much more of this
when we look at DNA in more detail.
19
Gene regulation is poorly understood, however,
the process is better understood for unicellular
prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria) than it is for
multicellular eukaryotes Any step of gene
expression may be regulated, from the DNA-RNA
transcription step to post-translational
modification of a protein much more of this
when we look at DNA in more detail.
20
Gene regulation is poorly understood, however,
the process is better understood for unicellular
prokaryotic organisms (Bacteria) than it is for
multicellular eukaryotes Any step of gene
expression may be regulated, from the DNA-RNA
transcription step to post-translational
modification of a protein much more of this
when we look at DNA in more detail.