MultiCloud QoS

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• MultiCloud QoS
• Real-Time Communications Platform
• Secret Sauce IngredientsPatents Pending

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MultiCloud QoS Platform Real-Time, Real World
CloudMeeting developed a suite of integrated
patent-pending technologies to provide the best
group business communications experience in
real-world conditions anytime, anywhere, with
anybody.

• High Performance Platform
• Lossless
• Low Latency
• Scalable
• Seamlessly go from one-to-one to many-to-many
  participants in calls
• Integrated media
• Permits integrated Everything over IP video,
  voice, application sharing, text
• SSL Secure
• VPN, 100 encrypted, financial-transaction
  security for all communications
• Works in the real world
• Firewalls, Proxies, NATs
• QoS elements for corporate LANs to DSL to
  wireless to dial-up connections
• Adapts to fluctuating bandwidth, variable
  latency, packet loss

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MultiCloud QoS Platform Ingredients

• Real-Time Exchange Protocol (RTXP)
• Bandwidth Optimizer
• Bandwidth Distribution Protocol
• Real-Time Multiplexing, Prioritization, Scaling
• Real-Time Sequencing of Multiplexed Data
• Multipoint Video and Sharing Codecs
• Distributed M-Node Software Infrastructure on
  Multipoint Client-Server Architecture

Patents Pending
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Ingredient 1 RTXP
Patent Pending

• Real-Time Exchange Protocol

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RTXP Real Time Exchange Protocol

• Synopsis
• Full-duplex multiplexed data stream spread over a
  managed pool of connections
• High Level Features
• Low latency
• Lossless
• Works with TCP or SSL transport
• Penetrates firewalls, proxies and NATs

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RTXP Dynamic adaptation
Firewall
Client
Server

Dynamically allocates connections as needed based
on packet loss, latency, and transmission
frequency requirements.
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RTXP Timing Diagram - Effect of Packet Loss
IP Loss
Server Receive/Reply
Client Transmit
TransmissionPeriod
Client Receive
Retransmission
InternetLatency
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UDP/RTP - Overview
Firewall
Client
Client or Server
!
!

• PRO
• Transmission rate not constrained by round trip
  latency
• IPv6 promises to solve some NAT issues
• Can be used to implement audio/video redundancy
• CONS
• Blocked by firewalls, NATs and proxies
• Lossy protocols -- transmission not guaranteed
• IPv6 not widely deployed
• Doesnt work w/SSL

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UDP/RTP Timing Diagram
Real World Conditions
Receive
LOSS
Transmit
LOSS
TransmissionPeriod

• Variable latency requires sequencing
• Lost packets require retransmission or redundancy

InternetLatency
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TCP only - Overview
Firewall
Server
Client
Request
Reply

• PROS
• Works seamlessly through firewalls, NATs
• Can work with Proxies via SOCKS interface
• Zero packet loss
• Can use SSL
• CONS
• Packet rate is constrained by round trip latency
• Retransmission causes stalling of up to 30
  seconds or more
• Can not be used to implement audio/video
  redundancy
• Effectively half-duplex unable to leverage
  full bandwidth

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TCP Timing Diagram - Effect of Packet Loss
IP Loss
Retransmission
Server Receive Reply
Client Transmit
Client Receive
Stalling due to TCP retransmissionvariable can
exceed 30 seconds
InternetLatency
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UDP vs. pure TCP vs. RTXP - Summary
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Ingredient 2 Bandwidth Optimizer
Patent Pending
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Bandwidth Optimizer Summary

• Tracks entire round trip latency
• Senses reductions in available bandwidth
• Senses increases in available bandwidth
• Responds as quickly as 30 ms
• Minimizes latency
• Maximizes available bandwidth

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Real-time packet size and frequency adjustment

• CloudMeeting uses a complex algorithm which
  calculates the total predicted response time,
  compares this value to actual response time, and
  makes adjustments in packet size and frequency

Client
Server
3
2
1
4
5
Predicted Response Time A. Current Time B.
Total Latency (steps 1-5) C. Size of
transmitted data/outbound bandwidth
D. Size of received data/inbound bandwidth
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Stage 1 Real vs. Predicted Response Time
When current real response time is less than or
equal to predicted response time, maximum packet
size is used
Packet size and interval period are calculated
based on bandwidth
T
When current real response time exceeds predicted
response time, minimal packet size is used
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Stage 2 Bandwidth Adjustment (Reduction)
Bandwidth is decreased when gt 25 low
thresholds are seen
Second stage determines new bandwidth by
examining history from first stage
T
Optimized
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Stage 2 Bandwidth Adjustment (Increase)
Bandwidth is increased until gt 0 low
thresholds are seen
Second stage determines new bandwidth by
examining history from first stage
T
Optimized
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Ingredient 3 Bandwidth Distribution Protocol
for LAN Internet Connections
Patent Pending
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Bandwidth Distribution Protocol Summary

• Equitable distribution of bandwidth based on a
  system of known constraints
• First public IP address in ICMP trace used to
  determine internet connection
• Effectively a 3rd stage of bandwidth optimization
• Maximizes available bandwidth in the network
• Total of available optimized bandwidth is
  redistributed to clients
• Adapts dynamically as changes occur
• Maintains 30ms group response to fluctuations
  in bandwidth availability
• Includes special constraints PERUSER and
  PEREXCHANGE
• Network administrator can establish maximum
  bandwidth usage for a connection using Virtual
  Gateway feature
• Users can arbitrarily limit their consumption at
  the client level

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LAN Connection Management

• Automatic detection of clients that are sharing a
  common internet connection
• Bandwidth Distribution Protocol equally
  distributes available bandwidth to each

Call Setup Service
Internet
Client
Client
Client
Client
Firewall
Constraint 800Kbps (in)600Kbps (out)
Each client will be allocated 200Kbps (in)
150Kbps (out)
Private LAN
Public LAN
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Available bandwidth distributed equitably

• Ex. Two bandwidth constraints
• Based on constraints A B, two clients receive
  200Kbps while the 3rd receives 400Kbps.
• The algorithm solves for maximum equitable
  bandwidth.

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Ingredient 4 Real-Time Multiplexing,
Prioritization, and Scaling
Patent Pending

• Video, Voice, Data and Text encoded within a
  single stream

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Real-Time Multiplexing Summary

• Prioritizes media (Audio has highest priority)
• Scales Video and Presentation data to fit
  available bandwidth
• Video can be fragmented allowing for arbitrary
  packet sizes
• Video multiplexing uses round-robin algorithm
  with expedited frame completion
• Permits
• Fast video stream rotation (voice-activated),
  permitting effectively 200 video streams in a
  single session
• Simultaneous display of up to 9 videos on-screen
• Resizable video windows
• Participation at speeds as low as 33Kbps at the
  endpoint

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Real-Time Multiplexing, Prioritization, Scaling

• Multiplexor
• Expedited completion for video data
• Prioritization
• Scaling

Video (8)
Audio (4)
MultiplexedStream
Messages/Data
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Fragmentation and Reassembly
Fragmentation

• Video fragmentation allows for arbitrarily sized
  multiplexed packets

Reassembly
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Scaling of Real-Time Video
Video FPS is scaled to fit the available
bandwidth for each participant.
Audio quality is equal for all participants,
independent of bandwidth
High BandwidthClient B
24 FPS A 6 FPS C
24 FPS B
High BandwidthClient A
Low BandwidthClient C
24 FPS A
6 FPS C
CallServer
3 FPS A 3 FPS B
3 FPS B 6 FPS C
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Ingredient 5 Real-Time Sequencing of
Multiplexed Data
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Real-Time Sequencing of Multiplexed Data
Multiplexed data is custom sequenced for each
unique type of media
Video SequencersLow Latency Loss Tolerant
Video
Video
Audio SequencersExtremely Low Latency Loss
Tolerant Redundant
Demultiplexor
Audio
Audio
Data
MultiplexedStream
Data SequencersLossless
Data
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Ingredient 6 Multipoint Video and Sharing Codecs
Patent Pending
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Multipoint Video and Sharing Codecs

• True multipoint video codec provides best
  possible video experience, enhanced for each
  participant
• Screen image updates of shared applications 40
  faster than typical sharing
• Codecs were developed specifically for Real-Time
  MultiCloud QoS platform quality, efficiency, low
  latency
• Real-time communications in real-world conditions

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Ingredient 7 Distributed M-Node Software
Infrastructure on Multipoint Architecture
Patent Pending

• Dynamic subscriptions to
• real-time data

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Multipoint Architecture Summary

• Does not store and forward no buffering
• Video frames are not aggregated or rendered in
  the server, greatly reducing video latency
• Zero video processing
• Zero audio processing
• Platform is codec agnostic
• Subscription model
• Automatic subscriptions for Audio, Presentation
  and View Speaker modes
• Highly efficient

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Multipoint Architecture
Client
Call Server
Client

To subscribers
Transmitter Multiplexor (outbound)
Receiver Sequencing / Demultiplexor(inbound)
RTXP
From subscriptions
Receiver Sequencing / Demultiplexor(inbound)
Transmitter Multiplexor (outbound)
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Dynamic Subscription Efficiency
Call Server
Client

• Data is demultiplexed, sequenced and
  redistributed within call server using a
  subscription model.
• The data is then resequenced, multiplexed and
  transmitted back to the subscribing client.

RTXP
Client
RTXP
Client
Up to 200 clients
RTXP

Client
RTXP
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Bandwidth and Processing Efficiency vs. P2P
Ex. 6-person Group Conference
Peer to Peer Architecturerequires N(N-1)
connections
CloudMeeting Client/Server Architecturerequires
N connections
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MultiCloud QoS Platform Ingredient Summary

• Real-Time Exchange Protocol (RTXP)
• Bandwidth Optimizer
• Bandwidth Distribution Protocol
• Real-Time Multiplexing, Prioritization and
  Scaling
• Real-Time Sequencing of Multiplexed Data
• Multipoint Video and Sharing Codecs
• Multipoint Architecture