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Power, Privilege and Oppression

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Peggy McIntosh defines privilege as existing when one group has something of ... Social Creations are meaningful and the experience of them is 'real. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Power, Privilege and Oppression


1
Power, Privilege and Oppression
  • Within and Between Families

2
Privilege
  • Peggy McIntosh defines privilege as existing when
    one group has something of value that is denied
    to others simply because of the groups they
    belong to, rather than because of anything
    theyve done or failed to do.
  • Something of value may be tangible (goods, access
    to education, jobs, etc) or intangible
    (authority, legitimacy, etc.)

3
Two Types of Privilege
  • Unearned Entitlements- Things people should have,
    but dont. For example, feeling safe.
  • Conferred Dominance- Gives one group dominance
    over another. For example, being viewed as the
    voice of authority.

4
Understanding Privilege
  • Privilege is always in relation to others. It is
    a zero sum game.
  • One participates in systems of privilege,
    oppression, and dominance without necessarily
    being an oppressive or dominant individual.
  • The Problem is structural. We, as individuals,
    operate within structures of Privilege/Oppression
    regardless of our desires, perceptions and
    actions.

5
Matrix of Domination
  • Interlocking axes of oppression that stem from
    societal configurations including (but not
    limited to) race, class, gender, and sexual
    orientation.
  • It demonstrates the interconnectedness of systems
    of privilege/oppression across social categories.
  • Heterosexism reinforces male privilege and vice
    versa.
  • One can be simultaneously oppressed and an
    oppressor.

6
Oppression
  • The limiting of options.
  • Oppression results from the social relationship
    between privileged and oppressed categories.
    Individuals experiences of oppression vary
    widely.
  • Oppression results form relations between social
    categories. It is not possible to be oppressed
    by society itself.
  • Belonging to a privileged category that has an
    oppressive relationship with another isnt the
    same as being an oppressive person who behaves in
    oppressive ways.

7
The Social Construction of Difference and the
Problem of Privilege
  • Privilege rests on structures of difference. As
    noted by James Baldwin, No one is white before
    he/she came to America. It took generations, and
    a vast amount of coercion, before this became a
    white country.
  • Social Creations are meaningful and the
    experience of them is real.
  • The Power and Privilege of Normal.
  • Example Anne Fausto-Sterling, The Five Sexes

8
Power and Privilege Between Families
  • Privilege and oppression centers on a number of
    social categories
  • Race, class, gender, sexuality, region
  • Exercise
  • Intersections of Class and Race

9
Exercise
  • How do you see privilege and oppression operating
    between families that fall into different social
    categories.
  • Be explicit. How are options expanded or limited?

10
Race in The United States People of Hispanic
Origin may be black, white, or Asian. The second
percentage for whites is whites not of Hispanic
Origin.
11
Household Income Limits for Each Fifth and Top 5
of Households-2001
12
Share of Aggregate Income Received by Each Fifth
13
Percent of Aggregate Income Received by the Top 5
14
Mean Household Income for Each Fifth and Top 5
of Households-2001
15
Mean and Median Household Income By Race-2001
16
Poverty
  • The Poverty Threshold for a family of three in
    2001 was 14,348.
  • In 2001
  • 11.7 of all Americans
  • 7.8 of whites
  • 22.7 of blacks
  • 21.4 of those of Hispanic Origin
  • 10.2 of Asian and Pacific Islander
  • Were living below the poverty line.

17
Educational Attainment by Race 2000
18
Educational Attainment by Race 2000
19
Post-Secondary Education Statistics Race
20
Post-Secondary Education Statistics Race
21
Educational Attainment, Income, Race, Gender-
2001 Census Data
22
Educational Attainment, Income, Race, Gender-
2001 Census Data
23
Inequality Within Families
  • Gender
  • Age

24
You Tell Me
  • Count off 1-6
  • What forms of inequality within families do you
    see? Be sure you can answer the following
    questions
  • Around what variable does stratification occur?
    (ie. Age, Gender, Sexual Orientation)
  • How are privilege and oppression experienced by
    those involved in the dynamic.

25
Gender and Household Inequality
  • The Division of Household Labor

26
Gendered Division of Household Labor
  • Research shows women today do two-thirds of the
    household chores. Men would have to increase
    their household labor contribution by 60 to
    achieve an equality level with women's work.

27
The Gendered Division of Household Labor
  • Husbands with a higher educational level are more
    willing to share in the tasks. Women's education
    level seems to have little effect.
  • The strongest single predictor for a husband to
    share in tasks is the number of hours his wife
    works.
  • Husbands do a greater share of the household
    tasks when they are the only parent present in
    the home.
  • Additional research shows that when a woman has a
    liberal view of the male role, he will share more
    household tasks. Liberal views include men in
    meal preparation, parenting, and house-cleaning
    roles.

28
Recent Findings
  • Husbands and wives report lower marital quality
    when they view the division of household labor
    and money as unfavorable to themselves,'' Juliana
    McGene, Pennsylvania State University

29
Intersections of Power, Privilege and the
Division of Household Labor
  • The New Man- Hondagneu- Sotelo and Messer.
  • The argue the so called new man who
    participates in household labor is a myth. It is
    mostly the middle and upper class who buy off the
    more onerous tasks.

30
Scott Coltrane and Chicano Families
  • Examined Gendered Division of Household Labor
    among heterosexual Chicano couples in Southern
    California.
  • Gendered division of household labor
  • Disagreement over spousal contributions
  • Womens work is viewed as secondary.
  • Even when husbands help out, they still see it as
    her work.

31
His and Her Experience of Marriage
  • Jessie Bernard- each Marriage is two marriages.
  • Scott Coltrane- Her world centered around
    keeping track of the countless details of
    housework and child care even though she was
    employed . His world centered around his work
    and his leisure activities so that he avoided
    noticing or anticipating the details of running a
    home. p.561 in Ferguson
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