Greek Tragedy

1
Greek Tragedy

• Origins Between the 6th century and the 5th
  century B.C.
• Context concern with explaining evil
• The tragedy sees evil as a part of human nature,
  which
• Partakes and aspires to the Divine (but also)
• Destroys the Divine
• Evil results from cosmic violence.
• Curses/Fate/Oracle
• But the tragedy also introduces also the notion
  of responsibility
• -Good and bad appear to be accidental, however
  innocence does not eliminate responsibility.
• We are both determined by the past and active
  agents of our life in the Polis (Polis ?
  Universe).

2
Sophocles Theban Plays

• General, priest, member of Athenian government
• Contests. Sophocles began by defeating Aeschylus.
  
• Antigone (written 442-441 B.C.)
• Oedipus the King (written circa 427 B.C.)
• Oedipus at Colonus (written 405 B.C.)
• Logical sequence
• Oedipus the King,
• Oedipus at Colona,
• Antigone (one of the four children King Oedipus
  had with his wife/mother Jocasta. Cursed
  genealogy).

3
Creon
I here proclaim to the citizens about Oedipus
sons. For Eteocles, who died this citys
champion, showing his valors supremacy
everywhere, he shall be buried in his grave with
every rite of sanctity given to heroes under
earth. However, his brother, Polyneices, a
returned exile, who sought to burn with fire from
top to bottom his native city, and the gods of
his own people who sought to taste the blood he
shared with us, and lead the rest of us to
slaveryI here proclaim to the city that this man
shall no one honor with a grave and none shall
mourn. You shall leave him without burial you
shall watched him chewed up by birds and dogs and
violated. Such is my mind in the matter never by
me shall the wicked man have precedence in honor
over the just. But he that is loyal to the state
in death, in life alike, shall have my honor.
4
Antigone
it was not Zeus that made the proclamation nor
did Justice, which lives with those below, enact
such laws as that, for mankind. I did not believe
your proclamation had such power to enable one
who will someday die to override Gods
ordinances, unwritten and secure. They are not of
today and yesterday they live forever none
knows when first they were. These are the laws
whose penalties I would not incur from the gods,
through fear of any mans temper.
5
Or
Creon Antigone
Law of the City Divine Law
Moral Order human law. Ethical order law that makes individuals into humans
Concern with the earthly order, with politics. Concern with a trascendent order (that has political consequences)
Patriarchy Womens power
6

• Antigone
•  
• What is Destiny? How do power and fate relate to
  each other?
• What is tragic about tragedy?
•  

7

• What do Creon and Antigone respectively highlight
  and overlook about power?
• Who is right and who is wrong? Or, rather, how
  are they right and wrong?
• (Whose side would you take?)
•  
• Who is more democratic? Why?

8
Greek Tragedy

• Multiple voices, all of them necessary to
  discover the truth.
• The truth lies hidden and broken into pieces
  (puzzle). Foucault on Oedipus.
• As in life, both the beginning and the end are
  previously known the crucial difference lies in
  the trajectory.
• Dilemmas between truth, power, and duty (Oedipus,
  Creon)
• Paradoxes
• Power makes us blind.
• Blindness allows us to see further (Tiresias)
• Proximity between salvation and destruction.

9
Nietzsche concludes that...

• Understanding kills action, action depends on a
  veil of illusion () True understanding, insight
  into the terrible truth, outweighs every motive
  for action, for Hamlet and Dionysiac man alike.