Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood

1
Physical and Cognitive Development Early Childhood

• Chapter 7

2
Physical Development Early Childhood

• Slower growth
• Weight- boys slightly larger
• Epiphyses
• Skeletal age
• Primary teeth
• Lymph tissue

3
Motor Skills for Age 2

• Run
• Kick large ball
• Jump 12 inches
• Navigate stairs alone
• Construct tower of six to eight blocks
• Turn pages of a book singly
• Put on simple clothing
• Hold a glass with one hand
• Spoon

4
Motor Skills for Age 3

• Stand on one foot
• Hop on both feet
• Ride a tricycle
• Propel a wagon with one foot
• Copy a circle
• Draw a straight line
• Pour from a pitcher
• Catch a ball with arms extended

5
Motor Skills for Age 4

• Stunts on a tricycle
• Descend a ladder, alternating feet
• Gallop
• Cut on a line with a scissors
• Make crude letters
• Catch ball with elbows in front of the body
• Dress self
• Fork

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Motor Skills for Age 5

• Skip
• Hop on one foot for 10 feet
• Copy squares
• Copy letters and numbers
• Throw a ball well
• Fasten buttons that are visible to the eye
• Catch a ball with elbows at the sides
• Knife

7
Force and Power

• Boys are ahead of girls

8
Fine Motor Skills

• Girls are ahead
• Gross skills that include balance- skipping and
  hopping

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Early Childhood Language Development

• Phonology
• Morphology
• Syntax
• Pragmatics

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Early Childhood Information Processing

• Attention
• Recall
• Memory strategies
• Scripts
• Metacognition

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How Play Enhances Cognitive Development

• General Cognitive and Social Skills
• Memory
• Language and Literacy
• Reasoning

12
Types of Preschool

• Child-centered preschools
• Academic preschools

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Child-centered Preschool

• Provide variety of activities
• Children select

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Academic Preschool

• Teacher in control
• Structure
• Repetition

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Quality of child care

• Physical setting
• Group size
• Caregiver/child ratio
• Daily activities
• Interactions among adults and children
• Teacher qualification
• Relationship with parents
• Licensing and Accredations

16
Piagets Preoperational Stage

• Egocentric
• Animistic thinking