CONCEPT OF ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS IN HOMOEOPATHY

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CONCEPT OF ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS IN
HOMOEOPATHY
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ROTP CURRICULUMPOST-GRADUATION
CASE TAKING AND REPERTORY-MODULE -2 DEPARTMENT OF
AYUSH GOVT. OF INDIA.
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For many reasons, among which tradition
necessity,convenience and choice are perhaps most
important,the lecture.The use of lecture as a
teaching method is controversial. It is both
defended and criticized alike, but a close
scrutiny at the comments reveal that the focus is
on the lecturer and not the method or material.
Therefore, the solution lies more in improving
the lecturer and NOT IN DISCARDING THE METHOD.
WHO- P.H.P/52.
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The objective of ROTP is not at all to tech the
subject per se in detail but to re-orient the
teachers to teach the subject more easily,
practically,interestingly.
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Tell Them What You Are Going To Say, Then Say It
Clearly And Then Tell Them What You Have Said.
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A good lecturer is text book plus personality.
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IT HAS BEEN OBSEREVED THAT RETENTION TO MEMORY IS
APPROXIMATELY-20 of what is only heard.40 of
what is only seen and70 of what is seen and
heard.
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AIM-

• TO UNDERSTAND EXACT CONCEPT OF ANALYSIS AND
  EVALUATION WITH A VIEW TO MAKE THE TOPIC
  CLINICALLY RELEVANT.

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OBJECTIVES

• At the end of the topic, the student will be able
  -
• 1) To understand different concepts of Analysis
  according to different Philosophical principles.
• 2) To know practical concept of Evaluation with
  examples.
• 3) Understanding the manner in which the symptoms
  has been classified in each repertory.
• 4) To distinguish the uncommon from the common
  symptoms in the given case.
• 5) Rank the symptoms in the order of importance
  according to the selected philosophy.
• 6) To understand the value of each symptoms in
  Repertorization.

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CONCEPT OF ANALYSIS OF SYMPTOMS IN HOMOEOPATHY
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Analysis means resolving or separation of things.
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Two terms 1) Analysis of Case.2) Analysis of
Symptoms.
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Analysis of case- Is classification of case
according to scopes and limitations of
Homoeopathy.I.E.-According to clinical
classification of diseases by Dr.S.Hahnemann.-----
A) Surgical.B) Indisposition.C) Dynamic- Acute
Chronic.
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ANALYSIS OF SYMPTOMS
Analysis of symptom is a Categorization,
Verification,Classification,Or Grouping of
different kinds of symptoms with proper
explanation.
Why ? - Analysis of symptoms
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WHY DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF ANALYSIS ?
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Only reason is that there are different concepts
and understandings of Totality. The Concept of
Totality Of Symptoms is peculiar to
Homoeopathy. It teaches us to treat the
individual with the disease and not his diseased
parts alone. Thus all the signs and symptoms
presented by the patient from the former healthy
state to the now diseased condition are to be
considered before we select the remedy.
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Continue
Totality of symptoms does not means a hapazard
conglomeration of all the symptoms of a patient
or a drug it really means a combination of
certain groups of symptoms in definite settings
with a definite background and certain
individualizing characteristics set appropriately
on the symptom- complex, so that it can point to
the drug having similar peculiar symptom complex.

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DR.SAMUEL HAHNEMANN 18 From this indubitable
truth, that besides the TOTALITY of the symptoms
nothing can by any means be discovered in
diseases where with they could express their need
of aid, it follows undeniably that the sum of all
the symptoms in each individual case of disease
must be the sole indication, the sole guide to
direct us in the choice of a remedy. Also
read Aph. -7,15,16,17,22,24,25,27,70
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So totality is the only basis of prescribing,
Dr.Hahnemann was very careful to tell us to look
for the striking, uncommon, peculiar symptoms,not
the one most peculiar symptom. keynote
prescribing is art. Even Dr.H.N. Guernsey the so
called father of the keynote system,explicitly
states that keynotes should not form the sloe
basis of prescribing which means prescribing for
the single symptom.the keynotes is the little
door you open,but if the remedy picture inside
doesnt match the patient,you have to shut it
again.
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About short cut method in Homoeopathic
prescribing Dr.Kent says, I am an enemy of all
short cuts to science and art. In Homoeopathy a
genius is one who has a capacity for hard work.
Short cut methods are adapted by the wrong group
of Homoeopaths.only an experienced Homoeopath may
use short cut methods under certain
circumstances.for the sincere Homoeopath,this
process should go on till he writes his last
prescription-because one life is too short a
period to master Homoeopathy.
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Different Concepts Of Totality Of Symptoms

• Three Philosophies of Prescribing
• Dr.C.V. Boenninghausen's Concept.
• Dr.J.T.Kents Concept.
• Dr.C.M.Bogers Concept.

Individualization
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Steps to Proceed for Analysis

• COLLECTION OF IMPORTANT SYMPTOMS.-
• Here prescriber should carefully
• and patiently tap out as many
• symptoms as Possible from the
• case.
• May be general, particular, location,
• sensation, modality, concomitant,
• pathology, clinical, cause etc.
• 2) CLASSIFICATION OF SYMPTOMS
• ACCORDING TO METHOD SELECTED
• i.e.Kent, Boenninghausen Bogers etc.

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He proceeded on the hypothesis that the
totality is not only the sum total of the
symptoms, but was in itself one grand symptom
the symptom of the patient and that whether the
individual parts of the symptom were considered
or the grand symptom. So in the totality,symptoms
itself Three factors must be present.
Dr.Boenninghausens Concept of Totality -
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1.Locality 2. Sensations 3. Conditions of
aggravation and amelioration The
Concomitant Symptoms was added by him emphasizing
that the doctrine of the totality of the case,
which must include the concomitants. He says
that the concomitant symptom is to the totality
what the condition ofaggravation or amelioration
is to the single symptom. So he analyzed symptoms
into L,S,M,C.
Continue..
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 1) QUIS - PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUALITY.2) QUID
- DISEASE, ITS NATURE AND PECULIARITY.3) UBI -
SEAT OF THE DISEASE.4) QUIBUS AUXILIS -
ACCOMPANYING SYMPTOMS.5) CUR - CAUSE OF
DISEASE.6) QUOMODO - MODIFICATION, AGG/AMEL.7)
QUANDO - TIME MODALITIES.
To understand the full picture of disease he use
to consider following seven points.
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Practical Analysis by Dr.Boenninghausen-
1) Epigastrium- LOCATION 2) Hypochondrium,
right- LOCATION 3) Pulling- SENSATION 4)
Hammering- SENSATION 5) Sore pain,
internally-  SENSATION 6) Incarcerated
flatus- COMPLAINT
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7) lt Lying on back- AGG. MODALITY8) lt Lying on
right side - AGG. MODALITY9) lt Motion of
AGG. MODALITY10) lt Strong odor- AGG.
MODALITY11) gt Sitting, while-AMELI.MODALITY12)
gt Belching (Eructations) -
AMELI. MODALITY13)Sweat with associated
symptoms - CONCOMITANTS14)Thirstless-
CONCOMITANTS15) Dryness internally-
CONCOMITANTS
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Dr.J.T Kents Concept -
As disease first affects at dynamic plane and
then only functional followed by structural, he
advised to study all symptoms from within
outwards. A man consists of Mind, Spirit, and
Body is known to us by his total behavior.
According to Kent- mentals, physical generals and
characteristic particulars constitute the
totality. He classified mind in to three
fundamental elements.  1) Will / Emotions. 2)
Intellect / Understanding. 3) Memory.
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Concept of Analysis by Kent.-

• SYMPTOMS
• GENERAL PARTICULAR
• MENTAL.
• 2)PHYSICAL
• EACH OF ABOVE IN TO COMMON AND CHARACTERISTICS.

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Practical Analysis by Kent.-
1) Pt. is shy - (Mental general
characteristics) 2) Pt. is indolent - (Mental
general characteristics) 3) Pt. has aversion for
sweets (Physical general
characteristics) 4) Thirst for large quantity of
water (Physical general characteristics)
5) Desire for spicy, highly seasoned Food
(Physical general
characteristics) 6) Pain in legs at night gt by
Rubbing (Particular
characteristics) 7) Constipation - ? 8) Pain in
Head gt Pressure - ?
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Dr. Elizabeth Wright has given a practical
solution to this problem. As soon as the case is
taken and physician sits down to study it, he
will find it useful to run down the list of
symptoms and mark with M opposite mentals. P
opposite physical generals, Pa opposite
particulars and for further clarifying as common
and characteristics he may underline any peculiar
symptoms in red. This work is very useful for
beginners but it can prove equally beneficial to
all the practitioners.
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Dr.C.M.Bogers Concept Of Totality-
Similar to that of Boenninghausen he re-
emphasized concept of complete symptom and the
following seven points to elicit totality of
symptoms- 1. Changes in personality and
temperament2. Peculiarities of disease3. The
seat of disease4. Concomitants5. The cause6.
Modalities7. Time
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Dr.C.M.Bogers Concept -
Also he use to consider following aspect in
totality Pathological generals- Modalities -
Causation, time, Mind- Different Sensations-
Objective Aspect- Part Affected- Accordingly
he evaluated symptom while prescribing Homoeopathi
c remedy.
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EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS ?
If Analysis of symptoms helps in getting totality
then why Evaluation of symptoms ?
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Definition Evaluation of symptoms implies the
principle of grading or ranking of different
kinds of symptoms in order of priority, that are
to be matched with the drug symptoms. The key
for similimum is the grading of symptoms. After
analysis of symptoms physician has to determine
quality of each symptoms.
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Two Concepts 1) Evaluation of remedy
symptoms.2) Evaluation of patients symptoms.
The key to the enigma, which Practitioner lack,
is the grading of symptoms.
SIMILIMUM
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Evaluation of remedy symptoms.
Based on principle i.e.- Proving,Reproving and
Clinical verification.
Evaluation of patients symptoms.
The basic principle of evaluation of patients
symptom is, symptoms are ranked according to
their intensity, how deeply they reach into the
organism and according to their degree of
peculiarity as characteristic nature.
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DR. KENTS CONCEPT OF EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of Man -Kents Generals. Symptoms of
organs-Kents Particulars
Kents Generals - Out of generals the symptoms
of the first grade are if well marked the
mental Symptoms, which brings out the finest
shades of differentiation between man and man
and which refers to the patient as a whole.
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Continue..
Amongst Mental Generals.- 1st Grade-
WILL/EMOTIONS. 2nd Grade Intellect/Understandi
ngs. 3rd Grade Memory symptoms.
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WHAT IS WILL, WHY DR.KENT GIVES HIGH IMPORTANT TO
WILL ?
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Will/Emotions- ?

• Will is the power of determination up on final
• actions and upon the will Human activities are
• largely depends.
• In Organon 9 Master writes So that our
• indwelling reason gifted mind can freely employ
• these living organism for higher Purpose of our
• existence ( Higher Purpose of our existence is
  will).
• INTERNAL WILL.
• EXTERNAL WILL.

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Emotion occure when the will is swayed or
hindered. These are feelings and passions. The
extreeme of feelings are termedPleasure
Pains which ends into Love or Hate.
Emotions.-
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Will .-- 1) Some of the symptoms are so fixed,
so true and so deeply rooted in the patient that
these have made concrete pillars in the field of
mind ( Concrete will) - e.g. Anger,Irritability,Qu
arrelsome,Indifferent etc.2) Symptoms of Fear
Phobias- which though are rooted in the
patient,but not so firmly as concrete ones and
can be removed by mental exercise,meditation
etc.( Composed will)3) Disturbances in instinct
of-(Judicial Will) a) Life preservation I.e.
Loves Hates to his own life (suicidal
tendencies). b) Disturbance of social instinct
- Homicidal tendencies.
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Intellect/Understanding.

• Intellect is power of perceiving and comparison,
  so it is the faculty of knowing.
• Concrete , Composed and Judicial Types
• Concrete Delusion-A false belief-false
  impression or Opinion, as a symptom or a form of
  madness.
• Other terms a) Illusion - a mistaken perception
  Sensual perception of an external object
  involving a false belief.
• b) Hallucination- means sensation or feeling
  without an object,
• I.e. Aperant Perception of external object not
  actually present.
• c) Imagination is making ideas,sometimes seems to
  be like theorizing.

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Intellect/Understanding continue.
Composed type complaints in delirium. Judicial
types- mental activities.- ailments from mental
exertion, anguish, clairvoyance.
MEMORY Concrete - Absent minded,forgetful,mistak
es. Composed Errors in answer,power of
concentration. Judicial- Capacity to work,order
of speech, difficulties in finding out
appropriate word etc.
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Amongst Physical generals.--- Constitutional
types.- General Modalities.- Sides affected.-
Discharges /Menses etc.- Sleep- Agg./Ameli.-
Pains sensations in general.- Certain
objective aspect.
Amongst Particulars- -P.Q.R.S. -Particular
Characteristics.
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Practical Concept Of Evaluation By Dr.Kent.
Generals 1st Grade- Mental General
characteristics. 2nd Grade Physical General
characteristics. Particulars 1st Grade-
P.Q.R.S. 2nd Grade- Particular Characteristics.
Qualitative Totality.
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EXERCISE CASE
5 years old female child consulted for
complaints of breathlessness since 6 months. Past
history of vaccination that caused urticarial
rash which were treated allopathically. Having
desire for sour things, Aversion for
milk,appetite decreased and having thirst for
small quantity at longer interval. Patient is
with fair complexion. Having curly hairs and
cheerful look. General modalities are agg.Warmth,
Covering, amelioration open air. After analysis
of thermal state it is conformed that patient is
Hot. Profuse perspiration all over the body lt
sleep. Sleeps on back with hands stretched
out.Mentally patient is restless, sensitive,
weeps easily.
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Analysis of symptoms

• A/f suppressed skin eruptions.
• Restlessness.-
• Weeps easily.-
• Fair complexion-.
• Curly hairs.-
• Does not wants to cover the body.-
• Desire sour things.-
• Sleeps on back.-
• Profuse perspiration lt sleep.-

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LESSON PLANNING DOCUMENT Domain Cognitive
Date- Time -   Class
M.D.-Part 1 No. of students. App 20.Class
time. 120 min. Topic Analysis and
evaluation of symptoms. 
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Aim TO UNDERSTAND EXACT CONCEPT OF ANALYSIS
AND EVALUATION WITH A VIEW TO MAKE THE TOPIC
CLINICALLY RELEVANT. 
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OBJECTIVES

• At the end of the topic, the student will be able
  -
• 1) To understand different concepts of Analysis
  according to different Philosophical principles.
• 2) To know practical concept of Evaluation with
  examples.
• 3) Understanding the manner in which the symptoms
  has been classified in each repertory.
• 4) To distinguish the uncommon from the common
  symptoms in the given case.
• 5) Rank the symptoms in the order of importance
  according to the selected philosophy.
• 6) To understand the value of each symptoms in
  Repertorization.

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Teaching /learning method Narration,
discussion and also teaching with Audio-visual
aids like transferences or power point. Ask to
classify and evaluate symptoms from case by
giving example case.
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CONTENT 1) Definition of Analysis.2)
Different concepts of Analysis -
Dr.Hahnemann,Dr.Kent.Dr.Boenninghausen,Dr. Boger
,Dr.Boericke etc.3) Definition of Evaluation.4)
Concept of Evaluation by Dr.Kent.5) Different
Concept of Totality.
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Total time. Set induction. - 05 min. 45 min.
for Analysis.Evaluation of Symptoms 45 min
95 min.Revision of Topic / Students Evaluation.
- 10min.Evaluation. - Recalling level questions
/formative type. -15 min.
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Questions for evaluation 1)      Define
Analysis of Symptoms ?2)      Why different
concepts of Analysis ?3)     Aim of doing
Analysis of symptoms? 4)      Aim of doing
Evaluation of symptoms?5) What is Will /
Intellect / Memory?
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References -Art of Case Taking
and Repertorization Dr.R.P PatelOrganon of
Medicine 6th edition Commentary on Organon
Dr.B.K.Sarkar.Principles and Practice of
Homoeopathy M.L.Dhawale.Repertorization
Dr.J.N.KanjilalEssentials of Repertorization
Dr.S.K.TiwariReperire Dr.V.R.Khanaj.The
Principles and Practice of Repertorization
Dr.Harinadham,Introduction to the Principles of
Repertorization Dr.Munir Ahmed.
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Thank you !