Kein Folientitel

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Der erste Transistor Bardeen, Brattain
Schockley (1949)
Der erste integrierte Schaltkreis Noyce
Kilby (1958)
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Immer kleiner ?
Ultimative Skala atomare Dimensionen
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Limitations of Silicon Based Electronics
Fundamental physical limitations
1 e-/bit in 2015
Exponential increase of cost in FAB lines
with decreasing feature size
5x1011/FAB in 2015
The exponential growth in Si-based
computing power will come to an end in 10 years
due to both fundamental and economic reasons!
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Rastertunnelmikroskop Prinzip
piezo-céramique pm 0.000000001 mm
pointe
échantillon
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Au (110) surface
Au(110)
10000000000000000000000000
1025
1025
0.3 nm
10 cm
13000 km
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Rastertunnelmikroskop
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Diffusion and Laterale Wechselwirkung Cu/Cu(111)
30 nm32 nm
13 K to14 K230fast motion
STM Topographie, U100 meV, ?F/21.5 nm
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Diffusion und Laterale Wechselwirkung Cu/Cu(111)
60 nm60 nm
15 K 230fast motion
STM Topographie, U100 meV, ?F/21.5 nm
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Diffusion of Individual Cu Adatoms

-5
-6
ln(Hz)

-7
n
ln
-8
Linear Fit yABx
A 27.5 - 1.0
B -39.6 - 1.1
-9
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
1/(k
T) 1/meV
B
Migration Barrier Em39.6 ? 1.1 meV Attempt
Frequency ?09.041011 0.42 Hz
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Diffusion of Co and H-Co on Ag(111) the Skyhook
Effect
60 nm60 nm
Co
16 K 1200fast motion
H-Co
topographic STM image, bias80 meV, ?F/23.8 nm
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Diffusion of Co and H-Co on Ag(111) the skyhook
effect
60 nm60 nm
Co
16 K 1200fast motion
H-Co
topographic STM image, bias80 meV, ?F/23.8 nm
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Diffusion of Co vs H-Co
Migration Barrier Co Em 49.8 ? 1.6
meV H-Co Em 37.6 ? 2.0 meV
Attempt Frequency Co ?0 2.64 1012 0.82
Hz H-Co ?0 2.49 109 0.63 Hz
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Quantenmechanik anschaulich



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Experiment
Interferenz Wellen-Phänomen
Spalt
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Fabrication of Nanoscale Structures
Atomic manipulation
all- down
functional nanosystem
bottom-up
top-down
Self-assembly
Lithography
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Atome manipulieren Ziehen / Schieben / Gleiten
Modell
Experiment
K.H. Rieder et al.
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Atomare Manipulation
Xe / Ni(110)
D. Eigler E. Schweizer, Nature 344, 524 (1990)
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Supramolecular Chemistry
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Trimesinsäure (TMA)

• trigonale Symmetrie
• Wasserstoff-Brücken

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TMA-Cu supramolekulare Komplexe auf Cu(100)
011

• flach-liegende Moleküle

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Bildung und Zerfall der supramolekularen Komplexe
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Entwicklung der magnetischen Speicherdichte
Zu kaufen 2000 6.4 Gbit / in2
Weltrekord 2000 20 Gbit / in2
200 nm
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Magnetische Nanostrukturen
islands
chains
V. Stepanyuk et al., Solid State Commun. 92, 755
(1994)
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Die vicinale Pt(997) Oberfläche als 1D-Nanotemplat
997
111
d20.2 Å
20 Å
h2.27 Å
Phys. Rev. Lett. 72,3378(1994)
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Ag/Pt(997) Bildung atomarer Ketten
eindimensionale Ag Keime
Pt Stufenkante
T340 K ?Ag0.04 ML
Phys. Rev. B 61,2254(2000)
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Magnetismus eindimensionaler Co Ketten
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Atomare Architektur auf Oberflächen Germanium
Quantenpunkte
5.8 ML Ge auf Si(001) _at_ 550º C
Appl.Phys. Lett. 74, 994 (1999)
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Kohlenstoff - Nanostrukturen
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Carbon Nanotubes

• Carbon nanotubes consist of one or several
  rolled-up graphene sheets
• Discovered in 1991
• Fundamental research on carbon structures
• Model system for physicists
• Fascinating novel carbon-based material
• Great interest for applications
• Nanoprobes
• Molecular electronics
• Gas storage
• Mechanical properties
• Electron field emitters

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Nanotechnik der Treffpunkt von Physik, Chemie,
Biologie und Ingenieurwissenschaften