A Personalized History of Computer Communications 1950s 1970s and Beyond

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A Personalized History of Computer
Communications1950s -1970s and Beyond

• Mischa Schwartz
• Charles Batchelor Professor Emeritus
• of Electrical Engineering
• Columbia University
• New York, NY 10027

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1950s, 1960s

• US Defense Activity-
• SAGE Network, 1950s, Radar Data
• NIKE Zeus Data Network,
• ATT Bell Labs, circa 1960
• Paul Baran, Rand Corp., early 1960s,
• Survivable Data Networks
• Commercial Data Networking
• Airlines, Banks,
• Computer Time sharing
• Project Mac, MIT (GE Corp.), early 1960s

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Commercial Data Networking, 1950s, 1960s

• Airline Reservation Systems
• American Airlines, LGA, 1952
• American Airlines/IBM Sabre, 1959
• IBM PARS, 1961
• SITA, 1964
• Banking Networks
• Ex Lloyds Bank, UK, 1966 (IBM)

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Airline Reservation Systems

• PARS, 1961 on
• SITA, 1964 on

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Original PARS System
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SITA Network
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Banking Networks
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Late 1960s to mid-1970s

• Private Data Networks-
• Tymnet, GE Information Services Network
• Proprietary Computer Communication
  Architectures (Computer Manufacturers)
• Ex IBM SNA
• ARPA, ARPAnet

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Private Data Networks, late 1960s-1970s

• Time-shared capability
• Terminal-oriented
• Data processing
• Interactive, Batch processing
• Ex GE Information Services Network
• TYMNET (Tymshare, Inc.)
• later- Networking functions

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GE Information Services Network

• Centralized Hosts

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TYMNET

• Distributed Hosts
• Virtual Routing

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Computer Manufacturers, late 1960s on

• Teleprocessing Networks-
• Specialized Communication Controllers
• Proprietary Communication Architectures
• Ex IBM SNA (later DNA, BNA,)
• Specialized hardware, software
• Layered architecture

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IBM SNA

• System Network Architecture
• Layered Architecture

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ARPA, ARPAnetFormative Years

• 1962, MIT
• J.C.R. Licklider,
• Globally interconnected computers
• Len Kleinrock, doctoral dissertation
• (1964, Communication Nets stochastic
• message flow and delay, McGraw-Hill)
• 1965, Larry Roberts, MIT Lincoln Lab,
• interconnected-computer expt.
• Donald Davies, British NPL, packet
• message vs. packet switching

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ARPA, ARPAnet Network Concept/Development

• 1967, Roberts, ARPA
• computer utility concept
• BBN contract, IMPs
• 1969, 4-node ARPAnet, datagram routing
• (1970, Host-to-Host protocol, NCP)
• Measurements- incestuous traffic!
• 1974, Robert Kahn and Vint Cerf- TCP
• (1978-TCP/IP)
• 24 node-ARPAnet
• 1976, 56 nodes

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International Standardization Efforts

• Early 1970s, CCITT,
• public data networking
• 1976, X.25
• Datapac (Canada),
• first public data network
• 1978-1980, ISO, OSI Reference Model
• 7-layer communications architecture

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X.25

• Network-Interface Recommendation

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OSI Reference Model

• Seven-Layer Architecture

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ARPAnet ? Internet

• 1980-1983, TCP/IP adopted replaces NCP
• 1985, 1986, NSFNET organized,
• regional nets encouraged
• Ex NYSERNET
• 1986-1995 NSFNET expands, commercial service
• 1995 on full-fledged Internet!

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Internet and Beyond

• Millions of Hosts!
• Multimedia traffic
• Wireless connectivity
• 3G cellular data, 4G all packet-switched
• all-purpose cellphones
• 802.11 connections
• Future? Your guess is as good as mine!
• But see following

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Focus on Personal Networks?

• Example (with due respect to Magda!)
• MAGNET
• (European vision)
• My Personal Adaptive Global NET