Counter Reformation

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Counter Reformation
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Council of Trent

• The Churchs interpretation of the Bible was
  final. Any Christian who substituted his/her
  interpretation was a heretic.
• Christians need faith and good works for
  salvation. They were not saved by faith alone, as
  Luther argued

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• The Bible and Church tradition were equally
  powerful authorities for guiding Christian life.
• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith but
  the selling of false indulgences was banned.

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The Spanish and Roman Inquisitions

• Estimates of the death toll during the
  Inquisition worldwide range from 600,000 to as
  high as 9,000,000 (over its 250 year long course).

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Targets of The Inquisitions

• Both Spanish and Roman Inquisition HERETICS
• Spanish Muslims and Jews (expelled)
• Roman Protestants

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Torture by Fire
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Torture by Water
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Witchs Chair
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Branks
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The Wheel
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Judas Cradle
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Italian Torture Devices

• As Cruel as the Spanish.?

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Garroting Chair
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The Rack
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1559 Index of Banned Books

• Look at list, what types of books were banned?
• In Venice alone, 10,000 books were burned in a
  day.

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Legacy of Reformation