21_B3_U04A

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21st Century College English Book III
Unit 4 Text A
College Pressures
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Unit 4 Text A

• Lead-in Activities
• Text Organization
• Writing and Reading Skills
• Language Points
• Guided Practice
• Assignment

College Pressure
3
Lead-in Activities
What kind of college pressures are you
suffering from?
What do you think of them?
How to deal with them?
4
Text Organization
College Pressures
I. Introduction
II. Four kinds of pressure on college students
today
III. Conclusion
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Reading Analysis
I. Introduction
Authorization of the author

How does the author describe his students? And
why are the students so worried about their
future?
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Reading Analysis
Authorization of the author
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Reading Analysis
How does the author describe his students? And
why are the students so worried about their
future?
How does he describe the students?

Reason for the students being so worried about
their future.
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Reading Analysis
How does he describe the students?
9
Reading Analysis
Reason for the students being so worried about
their future.
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Reading Analysis
II. Four kinds of pressure on college students
today
A transitional paragraph

Four kinds of pressure
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Reading Analysis
A transitional paragraph
12
Reading Analysis
Four kinds of pressure
Economic Pressure

Para. 6
Parental Pressure

Paras. 7-11
Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure

Paras. 12-14
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Reading Analysis
Economic Pressure
14
Reading Analysis
Parental Pressure
15
Reading Analysis
Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure
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Reading Analysis
III. Conclusion
General description of students today.

What does the author do to help the students? And
what is the result?
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Reading Analysis
General description of students today
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Reading Analysis
What does the author do to help the students? And
what is the result?
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Writing and Reading Skills
The major wring technique the author uses is
LISTING. One of the aims of Text A is to explain
the types of pressure that the author sees
affecting students. He starts his section of his
article with a simple list of the four kinds of
pressure he sees I see four kinds of pressure
working on college students today economic
pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, and
self-induced pressure. Then in the next several
paragraphs, he explains each kind of pressure in
detail. Making predictions---anticipating the
writers next point---is an important skill in
active reading.
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Writing and Reading Skills
To predict every detail is impossible, because a
writer may surprise us with unexpected ideas,
just anticipate the general direction the author
is going. Making predictions while you read keeps
your mind alert and involved with the text its
a way to double-check your comprehension of what
youve read so far and it can be a great aid to
understanding what comes next. (Remember being
100 accurate in your predictions isnt as
important as the process of making predictions
based on alert and active reading.)
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Language Points
Text A
College Pressures
22
Language Points
College Pressures By William Zinsser 1 I am
master of Branford College at Yale. I live on the
campus and know the students well. (We have 485
of them.) I listen to their hopes and fears and
also to their stereo music and their piercing
cries in the dead of night (Does anybody
care?). They come to me to ask how to get
through the rest of their lives.
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Language Points
2 Mainly I try to remind them that the road ahead
is a long one and that it will have more
unexpected turns than they think. There will be
plenty of time to change jobs, change careers,
change whole attitudes and approaches. They dont
want to hear such news. They want a map right
now that they can follow directly to career
security, financial security, social security
and, presumably, a prepaid grave.
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Language Points
3 What I wish for all students is some release
from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a
chance to enjoy each segment of their education
as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome
requirement in preparation for the next step. I
wish them the right to experiment, to trip and
fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as
victory and is not the end of the world.
25
Language Points
4 My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few
rights that America does not proclaim is the
right to fail. Achievement is the national god,
worshipped in our media the million-dollar
athlete, the wealthy executive and glorified in
our praise of possessions. In the presence of
such a potent state religion, the young are
growing up old.
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Language Points
5 I see four kinds of pressure working on college
students today economic pressure, parental
pressure, peer pressure, and self-induced
pressure. Its easy to look around for bad guys
to blame the colleges for charging too much
money, the professors for assigning too much
work, the parents for pushing their children too
far, the students for driving themselves too
hard. But there are no bad guys, only victims.
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Language Points
6 Today it is not unusual for a student, even
one who works part time at college and full time
during the summer, to have accumulated 5,000 in
loans after four years loans that the student
must start to repay within one year after
graduation (and incidentally, not all these loans
are low-interest, as many non-students believe).
Encouraged at the commencement ceremony to go
forth into the world, students are already behind
as they go forth. How can they
28
Language Points
not feel under pressure throughout college to
prepare for this day of reckoning? Women at Yale
are under even more pressure than men to justify
their expensive education to themselves, their
parents, and society. For although they leave
college superbly equipped to bring fresh
leadership to traditionally male jobs, society
hasnt yet caught up with this fact.
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Language Points
7 Along with economic pressure goes parental
pressure. Inevitably, the two are deeply
intertwined. I see students taking premedical
courses with joyless determination. They go off
to their labs as if they were going to the
dentist. It saddens me because I know them in
other corners of their life as cheerful people.
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Language Points
8 Do you want to go to medical school? I ask
them. 9 I guess so, they say, without
conviction, or, Not really. 10 Then why are
you going? 11 My parents want me to be a
doctor. Theyre paying all this money and
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Language Points
12 Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are
also intertwined, and they begin from the very
start of freshman year. I had a freshman student
Ill call Linda,one instructor told me, who
came in and said she was under terrible pressure
because her roommate, Barbara, was much brighter
and studied all the time. I couldnt tell her
that Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say
the same thing about Linda.
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Language Points
13 The story is almost funny except that its
not. Its a symptom of all the pressures put
together. When every student thinks every other
student is working harder and doing better, the
only solution is to study harder still. I see
students going off to the library every night
after dinner and coming back when it closes at
midnight. I wish they could sometimes forget
about their peers and go to a movie. I hear the
rattling of typewriters in the hours before dawn.
I see the tension in their eyes when exams are
approaching and papers are due Will I get
everything done?
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Language Points
14 Probably they wont. They will get sick. They
will sleep. They will oversleep. They will bug
out. 15 Ive painted too grim a portrait of
todays students, making them seem too solemn.
Thats only half of their story the other half
is that these students are nice people, and easy
to like. Theyre quick to laugh and to offer
friendship. Theyre more considerate of one
another than any student generation Ive ever
known. If Ive described
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Language Points
them primarily as driven creatures who largely
ignore the joyful side of life, its because
thats where the problem is not only at Yale
but throughout American education. Its why I
think we should all be worried about the values
that are nurturing a generation so fearful of
risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.
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Language Points
16 I tell students that there is no one right
way to get ahead that each of them is a
different person, starting from a different point
and bound for a different destination. I tell
them that change is healthy and that people dont
have to fit into pre-arranged slots. One of my
ways of telling them is to invite men and women
who have achieved success outside the academic
world to come and talk informally with my
students during the year. I invite heads of
companies, editors of magazines,
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Language Points
politicians, Broadway producers, artists,
writers, economists, photographers, scientists,
historians a mixed bag of achievers. 17 I ask
them to say a few words about how they got
started. The students always assume that they
started in their present profession and knew all
along that it was what they wanted to do. But in
fact, most of them got where they are by a
circuitous route, after many side
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Language Points
trips. The students are startled. They can hardly
conceive of a career that was not preplanned.
They can hardly imagine allowing the hand of God
or chance to lead them down some unforeseen
trail.
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get through manage to live through (a period of
time during which something unpleasant is
happening)
e.g. How do they ever get through Siberian
winters?
Translate ???????????????
Key They helped me to get through those
miserable days.
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in itself in its own nature intrinsically
Translate ??????????,?????????????
e.g. 1) The design was not in itself bad. 2) The
plan wasnt illegal in itself, but it would lead
to some doubtful practices.
Key The problem is unimportant in itself but its
long term effects could be very serious.
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trip vi. ( over/up) knock ones foot against
something when walking and lose balance so that
one falls or nearly falls
e.g. 1) She tripped over a stone. 2) He tripped
and fell, tearing a hole in his trousers.
Translate ????????
Key She tripped over the cat and fell.
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day of reckoning time when a person pays or
when he is punished for things that he has done
wrong
Translate ???????,????????
Cf. reckon and calculate Both reckon and
calculate mean determine something
mathematically, but reckon usually connotes
simpler mathematical process, especially such as
can be carried on in ones head or aided by the
use of a counting device, while calculate is
usually preferred when highly advanced, complex
processes are followed with precision and care
and when the result arrived at is not readily
proven by measuring.

• e.g.
• We tried to put off the day of reckoning.
• The day of reckoning has come for him.

Key Youre enjoying yourself now, but a day of
reckoning will come.
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catch up with reach (and sometimes overtake)
(sb. Who is ahead) (in competition, trade,
standard, etc.) become equal to

• e.g.
• Will Western industry ever catch up with Japanese
  innovations?
• They havent caught up yet with the latest styles.

Translate ?????????,?????(????)?
Key After missing a term through illness he had
to work hard to catch up (with the others).
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go along with be found together with
Translate ????,????????????
e.g. 1) Failing health often goes along with old
age. 2) Increased unemployment has gone along
with rising prices all over the world.
Paraphrase Along with economic pressure goes
parental pressure.
Key It is proved that success always goes with
diligence.
Parental pressure takes place together with
economic pressure.
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except that (used to introduce a statement
which states or implies something contrary to
the preceding one) only that, but that
e.g. 1) It couldnt have happened except that it
did. 2) She would have protested except that she
was afraid.
Translate ? (??)??????,???????????
Paraphrase The story is almost funny except
that its not.
Key She remembered nothing (about him) except
that his hair was black.
The story (about Linda and Barbara thinking that
each is working harder and doing better than the
other) sounds somewhat funny, but in fact its
not funny.
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thats only half of their story Thats only
part of the situation with the students.

• e.g.
• What he told us yesterday is only half the story
  there are more people concerned in this affair
  than he knows about.
• 2) These figures gave only part of the story.

If you say something is only half of the story,
or part of the story or not the whole story you
mean that there are more details that need to be
known in order to understand the situation.
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obsess vt. fill the mind of (sb.) continually
and make thinking about anything else difficult
Paraphrase the values that are nurturing a
generation so fearful of risk and so
goal-obsessed at an early age

• e.g.
• The fear of death obsessed her throughout her old
  age.
• She was obsessed with the idea that she was going
  to die.

Translate ??????????????
Key She was obsessed with the idea that she was
being watched.
the social principles that are bringing up a
generation so afraid of taking risks and so
excessively concerned about their future career
when so young
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a mixed bag a thoroughly varied mixture (of
people or things)

• e.g.
• Jane invited a mixed bag of people to her party.
• The songs on this record are (quite) a mixed bag.

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get started begin

• e.g.
• When can we get started?
• Its time we got started on the washing up.

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Text-related information
Brandford College at Yale Brandford College is
one of the oldest of Yale universitys twelve
residential colleges. It opened its doors in the
start of the academic year in 1933.
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Text-related information
Social Security Social security generally refers
to all measures established by legislation to
maintain individual to family income at certain
levels, to assure income if employment is lost,
and to provide a great number of benefits covered
by other programs. These benefits may include
maternity payments, cash for medical needs, legal
aid, compensation for crop failure, and funeral
expenses.
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Text-related information
Broadway Broadway is one of the principal
business thoroughfares of New York City,
extending in a generally north-south direction.
Laid out in the early 17th century by the Dutch,
Broadway grew in length as the city developed
from a small settlement on the southern tip of
Manhattan Island. It now extends 27 km (17 mi) to
the citys northern boundary in the Bronx.
Broadway forms the central thoroughfare of
More to learn
52
Text-related information
New York Citys theater district. This stretch is
one of the most highly concentrated entertainment
centers in the United Stats, and includes
official Broadway theaters, smaller off-Broadway
playhouses, movie theaters, restaurants, and
bars. Also located on Broadway are Lincoln Center
for the Performing Arts and Columbia University
(1754).
More to learn
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Text-related information
Women enter the Broadway Theater in Denver,
Colorado. One woman wears a short fur coat, hat
and evening dress. The Broadway Theater opened in
1890 on 18th and Broadway Avenues. It was
demolished in 1955.
More to learn
54
Text-related information
A book Broadway Theatres, an introduction of
the history of Broadway.
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Comprehension
change jobs, change careers, change whole
attitudes and approaches
Do you know the difference between change
jobs and change careers?
Paraphrase take another job, begin a new career,
adopt an entirely different attitude and approach
Someones career is the series of jobs that they
have in their life, esp. in the same area of
work. So, if a teacher quits teaching in one
school and starts teaching in another, he changes
his jobs, but if he quits teaching at all and
starts running a business, he changes his career.
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Comprehension
Achievement is the national god, worshipped in
our media and glorified in our praise of
possessions.
Success is greatly admired by the whole country,
highly respected in newspapers, on radio and
television and strongly praised in our approval
of wealth.
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Comprehension
to justify their expensive education to
to prove to that it is right for them to
receive such an expensive education to show to
that they can perform as well as or even better
than men for the expensive education theyve
received
58
Comprehension
as if they were going to the dentist
as if they were going to suffer
Having ones teeth treated often causes a lot of
pain, and going to the dentist is never a
pleasant experience. So students who study
medicine under parental pressure feel as if they
were going to the dentist when they have to go to
their labs.
59
Comprehension
when papers are due
when it is time to hand in papers
60
Comprehension
easy to like
easy to be liked
61
Comprehension
they knew all along that it was what they
wanted to do
they knew from the very beginning that it
(their present profession) was the profession
they wanted to follow
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self-induced caused or brought about by
oneself
self-imposed
decided by yourself
allowing yourself to have or do anything that you
enjoy
self-indulgent
self-inflicted
(of something bad) done to yourself
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go force (into) set out
Could you make a sentence by yourself?
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be bound for intending to go to going to
e.g. These two young musicians are bound for
international success.
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conceive of think of
e.g. He couldnt conceive of a time when he would
have no job. I find it hard to conceive of such
cruelty.
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Guided Practice

• Vocabulary
• Structure
• Cloze
• Translation
• Structure Writing

67
Vocabulary
???? III Ex. III, p. 106
68
Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
1. When every student imagines that every other
student is working harder and doing better,
stress is the _____ result.
? inevitable
2. It is my firm _____ that violence is never a
reasonable solution to conflict.
? conviction
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Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
3. Everyone jumped up when a _____ scream
suddenly broke the silence.
? piercing
4. In many cultures a memorial service is a
joyful celebration, not a _____ event.
? solemn
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Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
5. The recession has put increasing pressure on
the job market, so employment prospects for this
years graduates are unfortunately rather _____.
? grim
6. If you keep too firm a _____ on your children,
theyll never learn to think for themselves.
? grip
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Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
7. I dont know what _____ Alfred to read your
letter. _____ he thought it was addressed to him.
? induced, Presumably
8. What are you thinking of!? This medicine is
much too _____ for a small child!
? potent
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Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
9. A large _____ of the population ______ at
about 20 still takes spirit-worship (????)
seriously.
? segment, reckoned
10. Before going on a camping trip, its wise to
make sure youre well _____ for a wide range of
emergencies.
? equipped
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Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where necessary.
11. As soon as the director left the room, Sam
_____ to entertain us with his wild stories.
? commenced
12. I talked to Alice last week _____, has she
returned the book you lent her? Id like to
borrow it, if you dont mind.
? incidentally
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Structure
Identify the independent elements in the
following sentences, and then translate the
sentences into Chinese.
1. Hopefully, these informal talks with a mixed
bag of achievers will teach my students
something about life.
Hopefully
???????????????????????? ??????????
2. Most important, once you set a goal you have
to work for it with great determination.
2. Most important, once you set a goal you have
to work for it with great determination.
?????,?????????????????? ??
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Structure
Identify the independent elements in the
following sentences, and then translate the
sentences into Chinese.
3. Its a mistake, as I see it, to seek only
security and to be too fearful of taking risks.
3. Its a mistake, as I see it, to seek only
security and to be too fearful of taking risks.
????,????????????????
4. Many students in medical school or law school
are, strictly speaking, studying for their
parents.
4. Many students in medical school or law school
are, strictly speaking, studying for their
parents.
????????,????????????????????????
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Structure
Identify the independent elements in the
following sentences, and then translate the
sentences into Chinese.
5. To tell the truth, teachers are also under
enormous pressure.
5. To tell the truth, teachers are also under
enormous pressure.
???,?????????.
6. The problem, in other words, lies in society
as a whole.
6. The problem, in other words, lies in society
as a whole.
????,????????.
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Cloze
???? III Ex. IX, p. 110
78
Cloze
IX. Select the most appropriate word from the
four choices given.
The term liberal arts comes from the Latin
root liber, meaning free. This term originally
referred to seven fields of study 1)____, in
ancient Greece, were 2)____ arts of the mind,
3)____ contrast to the manual or mechanical
arts. The liberal arts now include fields other
than the original seven (which, 4)____, were
grammar,
1. A) as B) that C) which D) it
2. A) considered B) considerate C)
conceived D) itself
3. A) as B) for C) on D) in
4. A) eventually B) incidentally C)
inevitably D) additionallyz
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Cloze
rhetoric (??), logic, arithmetic, music, geometry
(??) and astronomy), but the basic concept still
has an 5)____ influence on Western education.
6)____ the Middle Ages, a liberal arts education
was only for the 7)____ , and was seen as an end
8)____ Although it could open doors to a
5. A) overwhelmed B) overcoming C)
actual D) incidental
6. A) For B) as C) During D) Even
7. A) professional B) wealthy C)
educated D) academic
8. A) eventually B) by itself C) all
along D) in itself
80
Cloze
9)____ career, it was mainly regarded as the mark
of a cultivated man. (Women were not permitted
10)____ a liberal arts education in the Middle
Ages). 11)____, liberal arts faculties were
established at universities, and the
9. A) wealthy B) eventual C) professional
D) conceived
10. A) to consider B) to pursue C)
pursuing D) considering
11. A) Eventually B) Inevitably C)
Incidentally D) Professionally
81
Cloze
12. A) all along B) in itself C) along with
D) by itself
liberal arts 12)____ the idea of pursuing an
education for its own 13)____ became the
standard for higher education in the Western
world. The 14)____ that education should not be
practical has never completely died out. 15)____
centuries law and medicine were
13. A) self B) sake C) purpose D) school
14. A) consideration B) profession C)
conception D) conviction
15. A) During B) In C) As D) For
82
Cloze
thought of as primarily theoretical 16)____
putting them into practice was viewed 17)____
low-class. The natural sciences were not treated
seriously, and fields like economics and
management didnt exist 18)____ .
16. A) actually B) inevitably C)
eventually D) professionally
17. A) as B) for C) in D) like
18. A) actually B) by itself C) in
addition D) at all
83
Translation
84
Translation
???? III Ex. X, p. 112
85
Translation
X. Translate the following into Chinese.
???????????????
What I wish for all students is some release
from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a
chance to enjoy each segment of their education
as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome
requirement in preparation for the next step. I
wish them the right to experiment, to trip and
fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as
victory and is not the end of the world.
What I wish for all students is some release
from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a
chance to enjoy each segment of their education
as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome
requirement in preparation for the next step. I
wish them the right to experiment, to trip and
fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as
victory and is not the end of the world.
What I wish for all students is some release
from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a
chance to enjoy each segment of their education
as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome
requirement in preparation for the next step. I
wish them the right to experiment, to trip and
fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as
victory and is not the end of the world.
What I wish for all students is some release
from the grim grip of the future. I wish them a
chance to enjoy each segment of their education
as an experience in itself and not as a tiresome
requirement in preparation for the next step. I
wish them the right to experiment, to trip and
fall, to learn that defeat is as educational as
victory and is not the end of the world.
???????????
??????????????
86
Translation
X. Translate the following into Chinese.
My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few
rights that America does not proclaim is the
right to fail. Achievement is the national god,
worshipped in our media the million-dollar
athlete, the wealthy executive and glorified in
our praise of possessions. In the presence of
such a potent state religion, the young are
growing up old.
My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few
rights that America does not proclaim is the
right to fail. Achievement is the national god,
worshipped in our media the million-dollar
athlete, the wealthy executive and glorified in
our praise of possessions. In the presence of
such a potent state religion, the young are
growing up old.
My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few
rights that America does not proclaim is the
right to fail. Achievement is the national god,
worshipped in our media the million-dollar
athlete, the wealthy executive and glorified in
our praise of possessions. In the presence of
such a potent state religion, the young are
growing up old.
???????
???????????????
87
Translation
???? III Ex. XI, p. 112
88
Translation
XIV. Translate the following sentences into
English.
1. ????????????,??????,?????????????????
be considerate to
remind to
keep your TVs turned down
Wed like to remind our viewers to be considerate
to your neighbors and keep your TVs turned down
after 10 PM.
89
Translation
2. ??????????????????????? ??????????????
work on sb.
unforeseen
under pressure
I hope my advice will work on the students under
pressure the road ahead is full of unforeseen
opportunities.
90
Translation
3. ?????,????????,?????????? ?,????????
in the presence
Incidentally
feel uneasy about doing
Incidentally, Linda is a shy person who might
feel uneasy about speaking in the presence of so
many strangers.
91
Translation
4. ?????????,??????????????? ?????????
equip oneself with
get ahead in their studies
rely on sb. for everything
In order to get ahead in their studies, students
need to equip themselves with independent-study
skills instead of relying on their teachers for
everything.
92
Translation
5. ??????????,????????????? ??????
are growing up old
is measured by
Young people nowadays are growing up old, with
the conviction that achievement is measured by
how many possessions they own.
93
Translation
6.?????????????????,?????? ???????
working part time
justify by saying
Many students justify their working part time by
saying that it reduces their economic pressure.
94
Translation
7.??????????????????????
fill in the forms
What you need to do right now is to fill in the
forms you were given when you arrived.
95
Translation
8.???????,??????????,????? ???????????????????????
a career in itself
continue all along
get into a profession
A career in itself requires ones lifelong
devotion, but it does not mean that after you get
into a profession you must continue all along.
96
Structured Writing
In the second part of text A (Paras 5 to 14), the
major writing technique the author uses is
LISTING.
Example in text A
Sample Essay
Write your own
97
Structured Writing
One of the aims of Text A is to explain the types
of pressure that the author sees affecting
students. He starts his section of his article
with a simple list of the four kinds of pressure
he sees I see four kinds of pressure working on
college students today economic pressure,
parental pressure, peer pressure, and
self-induced pressure. Then in the next several
paragraphs, he explains each kind of pressure in
detail.
98
Structured Writing
I see two main advantages in eating in the
campus cafeterias the social advantage and the
economic advantage. Today it is usual to find
campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly
students that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating
together is a social advantage that allows
students a chance to meet people of the same
interests and concerns about their future, etc.
Once I made friends with
I see two main advantages in eating in the
campus cafeterias the social advantage and the
economic advantage. Today it is usual to find
campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly
students that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating
together is a social advantage that allows
students a chance to meet people of the same
interests and concerns about their future, etc.
Once I made friends with
I see two main advantages in eating in the
campus cafeterias the social advantage and the
economic advantage. Today it is usual to find
campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly
students that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating
together is a social advantage that allows
students a chance to meet people of the same
interests and concerns about their future, etc.
Once I made friends with
Present the main point of view at the beginning.
Present the social advantage.
99
Structured Writing
an English major in one of my favorite campus
cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help
when I tried to translate my graduation thesis
into English. The economic advantage and the
social advantage are deeply intertwined The
campus cafeterias are much cheaper than
off-campus restaurants. So it is not
surprising for students who
an English major in one of my favorite campus
cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help
when I tried to translate my graduation thesis
into English. The economic advantage and the
social advantage are deeply intertwined The
campus cafeterias are much cheaper than
off-campus restaurants. So it is not
surprising for students who
an English major in one of my favorite campus
cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help
when I tried to translate my graduation thesis
into English. The economic advantage and the
social advantage are deeply intertwined The
campus cafeterias are much cheaper than
off-campus restaurants. So it is not
surprising for students who
an English major in one of my favorite campus
cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help
when I tried to translate my graduation thesis
into English. The economic advantage and the
social advantage are deeply intertwined The
campus cafeterias are much cheaper than
off-campus restaurants. So it is not
surprising for students who
Present a case to support the idea.
A transitional sentence.
Present the economic advantage.
100
Structured Writing
wander off campus in search of a meal to find
themselves sitting alone with no one to talk to.
That's the reason why most of the students
usually eat in the campus cafeterias if they
don't have a special need to eat out.
wander off campus in search of a meal to find
themselves sitting alone with no one to talk to.
That's the reason why most of the students
usually eat in the campus cafeterias if they
don't have a special need to eat out.
A conclusion.
101
Structured Writing
Use the writing technique of LISTING to write a
short composition of about 150 words. Here are
some ideas you can choose from if you like.

• the two or three main areas of campus life that
  need improvement
• some reasons why women live longer than men
• the two or three main reasons why learning
  English is so much fun
• your two or three main reasons for majoring in
  your field

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