NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS

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NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH ANDSAFETY STANDARDS
NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY REGULATORY COMMISSION

• PRESENTATION TO THE NARUC GROUP
• BY
• ENGR. BOLA ODUBIYI
• COMMISISIONER ENGINEERING, STANDARDS SAFETY

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OVERVIEW

• THE NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY
  STANDARDS CREATED UNDER THIS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
  PROGRAM REPRESENTS A TECHNICAL REFERENCE DOCUMENT
  WITH BOTH GENERAL AND INDUSTRY-SPECIFIC EXAMPLES
  AND GUIDELINES OF GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY
  PRACTICE (GIIP).
• THE INDUSTRY GUIDELINES ARE DESIGNED TO BE USED
  TO ADDRESS COMMON SAFETY ISSUES SPECIFIC TO THE
  INDUSTRY SECTOR.

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STATUS

• BASELINE SAFETY STATISTICS DO NOT YET EXIST
• INDUSTRY SECTOR STATISTICS ARE BEING COMPILED BY
  NERC
• BUT THE GENERAL BELIEF IS THAT THEY ARE POOR

Month 2007 Reporting 2007 Reporting 2007 Reporting Interrupted Service Hours No. Incidents Reported No. Fatalities
Month Yes No Response Interrupted Service Hours No. Incidents Reported No. Fatalities
June 9 16 36.0 77 11 2
July 12 13 48.0 734 16 8
August 2 23 8.0 0 2 2
Total 23 52 30.7 811 29 12
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SOME STATISTICS FROM THE U.S.

• NEARLY 50 WORKERS ARE INJURED EVERY MINUTE OF THE
  WORK WEEK
• 17 WORKERS DIE ON-THE-JOB EACH DAY
• WORKPLACE INJURIES COST SOCIETY 128 BILLION IN
  LOSSES PER YEAR
• EQUALS ONE-QUARTER OF EACH DOLLAR OF PRETAX
  CORPORATE PROFITS
• INDIRECT COSTS OF INJURIES MAY BE 20 TIMES THE
  DIRECT COSTS

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INDIRECT COSTS INCLUDE

• TRAINING AND COMPENSATING REPLACEMENT WORKERS
• REPAIRING DAMAGED PROPERTY
• ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
  CORRECTIVE ACTIONS
• SCHEDULING DELAYS AND LOST PRODUCTIVITY
• ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES
• LOW EMPLOYEE MORALE AND INCREASED ABSENTEEISMS
• POOR CUSTOMER AND COMMUNITY RELATIONS

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OSHA'S OFFICE OF REGULATORY ANALYSIS HAS STATED

• our evidence suggests that companies that
  implement effective safety and health programs
  can expect reductions of 20 or greater in their
  injury and illness rates and a return of 4 to 6
  for every 1 invested...

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FORBES MAGAZINE (2001) REPORTED

• THERE IS A DIRECT CORRELATION BETWEEN A COMPANY'S
  PERFORMANCE IN SAFETY AND ITS SUBSEQUENT
  PERFORMANCE IN PRODUCTIVITY AND FINANCIAL
  RESULTS.
• THEY POINTED OUT THAT THE TOP TEN FINANCIALLY
  RANKED U.S. BUSINESSES HAD THE HIGHEST RATED OSHA
  SAFETY PROGRAMS

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STATUS IN NIGERIA

• CURRENT STANDARDS DATE BACK TO THE 1980s
• EXISTING STANDARDS DO NOT EXIST AS CODES
• STANDARDS UNEVENLY APPLIED
• MANY FACILITIES HAVE NO FORMAL SAFETY PROGRAMS
• CORPORATE POLICY TOWARDS SAFETY DOES NOT EXIST
• ENFORCEMENT IS LACKING

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NERC NEEDS TO DEFINE AND APPLY METRICS TO REDUCE
ACCIDENTS OVER TIME
U.S. WORKER INJURIES PER 100 WORKERS
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NERC NEEDS TO FOCUS ON

• DEVELOPING PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES FOR
  INSPECTIONS
• ENFORCE SELF REPORTING
• ESTABLISH GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE AS LAW
• DEFINE THE RIGHTS OF EMPLOYEES
• MAKE FIRST LINE SUPERVISORS LEGALLY RESPONSIBLE
• CODIFY THE DRAFT STANDARDS CREATED
• ESTABLISH ITSELF AS A RESOURCE TO INDUSTRY
  INITIALLY BUT THEN ENFORCE AGGRESSIVELY

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POTENTIAL COUNTRY IMPACTS

• DIRECT
• DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS
• INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY
• MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM
• HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING
• TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT

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DEVELOPMENTAL BENEFITS ARE WELL KNOWN FROM OTHER
COUNTRIES

• GOOD INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRY PRACTICE (GIIP) IS A
  STRATEGIC PART OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY
• SAFER WORK ENVIRONMENTS LEADS TO
• IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY
• ASSET PROTECTION
• HIGHER PROFITS
• EVERY 1 INVESTMENT INTO SAFETY HAS 4-6 RETURN
• FACILITATION OF MORE RELIABLE POWER PRODUCTION
  AND DISTRIBUTION
• HIGH LEVELS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT
• IMPROVED MARKET CONDITIONS
• GREATER INVESTOR CONFIDENCE

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POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS

• LIFE AND PRODUCTIVITY
• INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS LEAD TO LOSS OF LIFE AND
  PRODUCTIVITY, CAUSE DOWN-TIME OF PROCESSES AND
  DAMAGE INFRASTRUCTURE.
• PUBLIC RELATIONS
• PUBLIC REACTION TO ACCIDENTS OR OUTFALLS FROM
  INCIDENTS CAN BE A SERIOUS PROBLEM.
• INVESTMENTS AND PARTNERS
• ADVERSE PUBLICITY AND POOR PRODUCTIVITY REDUCES
  THE ATTRACTIVENESS FOR INVESTORS AND PARTNERS.

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POTENTIAL MARKET-ORIENTED REFORM IMPACTS

• WORKER-ORIENTED MARKET-DRIVEN IS BASED ON A
  COOPERATIVE, COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO WORKPLACE
  SAFETY AND HEALTH.
• IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO MANAGE SAFETY AND HEALTH
  ACTIVELY, TO INVOLVE WORKERS, TO STAY AHEAD OF
  GOVERNMENT STANDARDS, AND TO USE THE MANAGEMENT
  OF SAFETY AND HEALTH TO CREATE COMPETITIVE
  ADVANTAGES.
• IN OTHER COUNTRIES EMPLOYERS HAVE ACCOMPLISHED
  REMARKABLE REDUCTIONS IN THEIR WORKER'S
  COMPENSATION COSTS BY ADOPTING THAT PRACTICE.

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POTENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE/INDUSTRY IMPACTS

• ADOPTION OF GIIP THROUGH THE HEALTH AND SAFETY
  STANDARDS STRENGTHENED BY ENFORCEMENT AND WORKER
  TRAINING WILL REDUCE ACCIDENTS.
• THIS IN TURN WILL REDUCE RISKS TO EXISTING AND
  NEWLY PLANNED INFRASTRUCTURE, AS WELL AS AID IN
  SUSTAINABILITY.

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POTENTIAL HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING IMPACTS

• RISKS MITIGATION
• TRAINING AND OUTREACH
• INFORMATION SYSTEM MANAGEMENT
• INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS THAT
  COMBINE ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY, POLLUTION
  PREVENTION AND SECURITY
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
• INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
• CONSULTING BOTH FROM THE NERC WORKFORCE AND GRASS
  ROOTS PRIVATE SECTOR
• FINANCIAL EXPERTISE ON COST-BENEFIT, PRODUCTIVITY
  AND QUALITY

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NIGERIAN ELECTRICITY HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS
MANUAL
Available in both hardcopy and electronic format
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HOW THE STANDARDS ARE ORGANIZED

• EXTENSIVE PUBLICATION CONTAINING BOTH
• GENERAL TECHNICAL STANDARDS
• POWER SECTOR SPECIFIC TECHNICAL GUIDELINES,
  STANDARDS AND GIIP
• A DOCUMENT COVERING MORE THAN 800 PAGES OF GIIP
• AS A TOOL TO BE USED
• ELECTRONICALLY
• AS A DESK REFERENCE
• CAPABLE OF BEING PLACED ON A SERVER AND ACCESSED
  THROUGH THE NERC WEBSITE
• AS A LIVING DOCUMENT
• FORMAL DOCUMENT RETENTION PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES

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RECOMMENDED NEXT STEPS

• INITIALLY PROMOTE VOLUNTARY ADOPTION THROUGH
• OUTREACH
• TRAIN THE TRAINER
• BEGIN TRANSFORMING STANDARDS INTO LEGAL CODES
• FOLLOW U.S. NIOSH/OSHA MODEL ON PATH TO
  REGULATIONS
• CONDUCT BASELINE SAFETY AUDITS
• PROVIDE INDUSTRY WITH SITE-SPECIFIC
  RECOMMENDATIONS AND CORRECTOVE ACTIONS
• ETSABLISH TIMELINES FOR COMPLIANCE
• ETSABLISH ENFORCEMENT DIVISION
• CHECK STATUS OF INITIAL VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE
• IMPOSE NOTICES OF VIOLATIONS (NOVs)
• CITATIONS
• FINES, PENEALTIES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sec 2(c) Radiation Monitors and Meters 2(c)(1)
Introduction 2(c)(2) Light 2(c)(3) Ionizing
Radiation 2(c)(4) Nonionizing Radiation 2(c)(5)
Survey Meters for Radiation Detection 2(c)(6)
Pocket Dosimeters 2(c)(7) Audible Alarm Rate
Meters and Digital Electronic
Dosimeters 2(c)(8) Film Badges 2(c)(9)
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters 2(c)(10) Annex
Guide to Meter Selection and
Applications 2(c)(11) Bibliography Sec 2(d)
Electrical/Electronics Testing Meters 2(d)(1)
Introduction 2(d)(2) Electronic Test Equipment
Types 2(d)(3) General Information on Safe
Use Sec 2(e) Safe Chemical Handling 2(e)(1)
Introduction 2(e)(2) Reference Standards 2(e)(3)
Safe Chemical Exposure Tables
Part I. How to Evaluate Safety Programs 1(a)
Introduction 1(b) Creating a Culture of
Safety 1(c) Good Housekeeping 1(d) New Employee
Orientation 1(e) Worker Rights Part II. Safety
and Best Industry Practices Sec 2(a) Air Quality
Testing and Monitoring 2(a)(1) Introduction 2(a)(2
) Methods of Sampling and Testing 2(a)(3)
Samplers and Monitors 2(a)(4) Batteries 2(a)(5)
Adverse Conditions 2(a)(6) Appendix - Instrument
Chart 2(a)(7) Bibliography Sec 2(b) Noise
Testing and Monitoring 2(b)(1)
Introduction 2(b)(2) Noise Monitors and
Meters 2(b)(3) Occupational Noise Exposure
Standard 2(b)(5) Bibliography
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Sec 2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation
(cont.) 2(h)(4) Periodic Program Updates 2(h)(5)
First Aiders 2(h)(6) First Aid Training and
Certification 2(h)(7) First Aid for Electric
Shock 2(h)(8) Skills Update 2(h)(9) First aid
Supplies 2(h)(10) Bibliography Sec 2(i) Fire
Protection, Evacuation, First Responder and
Emergency Planning 2(i)(1) Flammability
Properties 2(i)(2) Ignition Temperature 2(i)(3)
Flammability Limits 2(i)(4) Vapor Density 2(i)(5)
Specific Gravity 2(i)(6) Water Solubility 2(i)(7)
Responding to Fires 2(i)(8) Fire Fighting
Agents 2(i)(9) Electrical Fire Prevention 2(i)(10)
Firefighting Guidance 2(i)(11) Specialized
Rescue Procedures 2(i)(12) First Responder to
Electrical Fire Incidents 2(i)(13) Evacuation
Planning 2(i)(14) Bibliography
Sec 2(f) Job Hazards Analysis Assessment 2(f)(1)
Introduction 2(f)(2) Responsibility and Tailgate
Meetings 2(f)(3) Hazards Assessment 2(f)(4)
Hazard Assessment and PPE Checklists 2(f)(5)
Bibliography Sec 2(g) Personal Protection
Equipment 2(g)(1) Introduction 2(g)(2) General
Provisions 2(g)(3) Requirements of a PPE
Program 2(g)(4) Guidelines for PPE
Selection 2(g)(5) Worker Training 2(g)(6) Eye and
Face Protection 2(g)(7) Head Protection 2(g)(8)
Foot and Leg Protection 2(g)(9) Hand and Arm
Protection 2(g)(10) Protective Equipment for the
Body 2(g)(11) Hearing Protection 2(g)(12)
Respiratory Protection 2(g)(13) Bibliography Sec
2(h) First Aid and Resuscitation 2(h)(1)
Introduction 2(h)(2) First Aid Assessments 2(h)(3)
Elements of a First Aid Training Program
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Sec 2(j) Electric Shock and Lockout/Tagout 2(j)(1)
Introduction 2(j)(2) Fuses 2(j)(3) GFCIs 2(j)(4)
Electrical Shock 2(j)(5) Feedback Electrical
Energy 2(j)(6) Universal Precautions 2(j)(7)
Training Programs 2(j)(8) Protective Equipment
and Work Practices 2(j)(9) Detection of Low
Voltage 2(j)(10) Lockout/Tagout 2(j)(11) Lockout
Devices 2(j)(12) Specific Procedures for
Logout/Tagout 2(j)(13) Bibliography Sec 2(k)
Hand Tool and Workshop Machines 2(k)(1)
Introduction 2(k)(2) What Are the Hazards of Hand
Tools? 2(k)(3) What Are the Dangers of Power
Tools? 2(k)(4) Guards 2(k)(5) Operating Controls
and Switches 2(k)(6) Electric Tools 2(k)(7)
Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools 2(k)(8) Pneumatic
Tools 2(k)(9) Liquid Fuel Tools 2(k)(10)
Powder-Actuated Tools
Sec 2(k) Hand Tool and Workshop Machines
(cont.) 2(k)(11) Hydraulic Power Tools 2(k)(12)
General Requirements of Safety in Workshops
Policy 2(k)(13) Machinery Installation 2(k)(14)
Machine Controls 2(k)(15) Machine Guards 2(k)(16)
Service Installations 2(k)(17) Grinding and
Polishing Machines 2(k)(18) Milling
Machines 2(k)(19) Metal-Cutting
Guillotines 2(k)(20) General Considerations 2(k)(2
1) Solvent Degreasing 2(k)(22) Bibliography
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Sec 2(m) Electrical Safe Work Practices
Plan 2(m)(1) Introduction 2(m)(2)
Training 2(m)(3) Qualified Person 2(m)(4) Safe
Work Practices 2(m)(5) Bibliography Sec 2(n)
Electrical Equipment 2(n)(1) Introduction 2(n)(2)
Electrical Safety Facts 2(n)(3) Vehicular and
Mechanical Equipment 2(n)(4) Use of
Equipment 2(n)(5) Test Equipment 2(n)(6)
Bibliography Sec 2(o) Ladder Safety 2(o)(1)
Introduction 2(o)(2) General Requirements 2(o)(3)
Ladder Hazards/Prevention Tips 2(o)(4) Ladder
Selection 2(o)(5) Ladder Maintenance 2(o)(6)
Ladder Inspections 2(o)(7) Bibliography
Sec 2(l) Lineman General Safety Practices 2(l)(1)
Introduction 2(l)(2) Scope 2(l)(3) Shock Hazard
Analysis 2(l)(4) Regulatory Issues 2(l)(5)
Standard Requirements 2(l)(6) Test Equipment
Industry Recognized Good
Practices 2(l)(7) Flash Hazard Analysis 2(l)(8)
Blast Hazard Analysis 2(l)(9) Selection of
Electrical Protective
Equipment 2(l)(10) Exterior Safety Rules 2(l)(11)
Exterior Working Practices 2(l)(12) Electrical
Safety Rules 2(l)(13) Transformers and Circuit
Breakers 2(l)(14) Wire Markers 2(l)(15) Adequacy
and Effectiveness of the Training
Program 2(l)(16) Bibliography
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Sec 2(p) Forklift Safety 2(p)(1)
Introduction 2(p)(2) Pre-Qualifications for
Forklift Operators 2(p)(3) Safe Operating
Procedures 2(p)(4) Changing and Charging Storage
Batteries 2(p)(5) Operations 2(p)(6)
Traveling 2(p)(7) Loading 2(p)(8) Fueling 2(p)(9)
Maintenance 2(p)(10) Training 2(p)(11) Refresher
Training and Evaluation 2(p)(12)
Bibliography Sec 2(q) Crane Operation
Safety 2(q)(1) Lifting Principles 2(q)(2)
Operational Considerations 2(q)(3) Construction
Requirements 2(q)(4) Inspection
Guidelines 2(q)(5) Glossary of Useful
Terms 2(q)(6) Bibliography Sec 2(r) Scaffolds
and Other Work Platforms 2(r)(1)
Introduction 2(r)(2) Scaffold Safety 2(r)(3)
Bibliography
Sec 2(s) Safe Work Practices Near Power
Lines 2(s)(1) Introduction 2(s)(2) Plan
Ahead 2(s)(3) Safe Work Practices 2(s)(4)
Bibliography Sec 2(t) Functional Safety for
Electric PowerTransmission 2(t)(1)
Introduction 2(t)(2) Structure of Electric Power
Systems 2(t)(3) Hazards in Electric Power
Systems 2(t)(3) Assuring Functional
Safety 2(t)(4) Recommended References Sec 2(u)
Excavations and Trenching 2(u)(1)
Introduction 2(u)(2) Recommended
Practices 2(u)(3) Safety Guidelines 2(u)(4)
Excavation and Trenching Safety Program 2(u)(5)
Requirements for Protective Systems 2(u)(6)
Definitions 2(u)(7) Bibliography
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Sec 2(y) Safe Welding Practices 2(y)(1)
Identifying Safe Welding Practices 2(y)(2)
Definitions 2(y)(3) General Provisions 2(y)(4)
Inspections 2(y)(5) Ventilation Guidelines for
Welding Operations 2(y)(6) Bibliography Part
III. Worker Safety Rules 3(a) Critical Incident
Stress 3(b) Toxic Industrial Chemicals 3(c)
Electrical Protective Devices 3(d) Hand
Protection 3(e) Hazard Assessment and Personal
Protective Equipment Selection 3(f)
Sanitation 3(g) Safety Color Code for Marking
Physical Hazards 3(h) Specifications for Accident
Prevention Signs and Tags 3(i) Permits for
Confined Spaces 3(j) Control of Hazardous Energy
(Lockout/Tagout) 3(k) Medical Services and First
Aid III-50 3(l) Fire Protection 3(m) Handling
Materials
Sec 2(v) Confined Spaces 2(v)(1) Identifying
Confined Spaces 2(v)(2) Identifying Confined
Space Hazards 2(v)(3) Model Confined Space Entry
Program 2(v)(4) Personnel Responsibilities and
Training 2(v)(5) Glossary 2(v)(6)
Bibliography APPENDIX A Copy of Confined Space
Entry Permit APPENDIX B Pre-Entry Planning
Worksheet Sec 2(w) Compressed Gas Cylinder
Safety 2(w)(1) Introduction 2(w)(2)
Identification 2(w)(3) Handling Use 2(w)(4)
Transportation of Cylinders 2(w)(5)
Bibliography Sec 2(x) Drum Handling
Safety 2(x)(1) Introduction 2(x)(2) Types of
Drums 2(x)(3) Drum Inspection, Handling, and
Staging Inspection 2(x)(4) Leaking, Open, and
Deteriorated Drums 2(x)(5) Preventing Back
Injuries
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTINUED
Part III. Worker Safety Rules (cont.) 3(n)
Slings 3(o) Bibliography Part 3 Annex Materials
Provided by TVA and USDA Annex A Accident
Investigation Annex B Electrical Switching
Operation Annex C Temporary Protective Grounding
for Generating Stations and Other
Non-Transmission Facilities Annex D Guarding
Energized Electrical Equipment Annex E
Jumpers Annex F Portable Electric Tools and
Attachments Annex G Safe Distribution
systems Annex H Temporary Lighting Annex I
Vehicle Operations Near Energized Lines or
Equipment Annex J Responsibilities and General
Requirements for Transmission Employees Annex K
Transmission/Substation/Telecommunication Annex L
Specifications and Drawings for Underground
Electric Distribution
Part IV. Recordkeeping, Training and
Inspections, Accident Investigation and
Reporting 4(a) Introduction 4(b) Safety
Recordkeeping Practices and Protocols 4(c)
Accident Recordkeeping Forms 4(d) Safety Training
and Recordkeeping 4(e) OHSAS 18001 (Occupation
Health and Safety Assessment
Series) 4(f) Bibliography Part V. Risk and
Vulnerability Assessments 5(a) Risk
Management 5(b) Crisis Management 5(c)
Vulnerability Assessments 5(d) Bibliography Part
VI. Subject Index