PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY Part 2: Physical Water

1
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHYPart 2 Physical Water
Seawater Properties

• GEOL 1033
• (Lessons 27 28)
• Ppt file 103-23

2
Review the Polar Water Molecule

• V-shaped molecule forms hydrogen bonds

3
Remember the HEXAGONAL CRYSTAL LATTICE OF ICE

• Does not allow salt ions to fit into the
  structure
• Cold brines left behind when seawater freezes to
  form ice
• Brines sink in fall/winter, causing a
  high-latitude salt-driven overturn
• Summertime water-column stability when ice melts

4
DENSITY vs. TEMPERATURE for PURE WATER

• 4 deg. or 3.98 deg. C ?

5
SALINITY vs. FREEZING POINT OF WATER

• -2 deg. C ?

6
HIGH HEAT CAPACITY OF WATER

• Water has a high heat capacity
• Heat capacity ?
• Heat capacities of some common materials
• Water must gain/lose a lot of heat to change the
  temperature a little
• Affects coastal climates (versus continental
  climates) daily winds

7
HEAT CAPACITY OF PURE WATER

• Note high phase-change energies also
  characterize water

8
TYPICAL OCEAN TEMPERATURE DEPTH PROFILES

• Note the "thermocline" at mid and low latitudes

9
Development of the Pycnocline

• Halocline refers to the salinity increase with
  depth increase coinciding with the thermocline
• Pycnocline is the density change associated with
  the thermocline and halocline

10
LATITUDINAL VARIATION IN AVERAGE DEPTH OF
VERTICAL DENSITY ZONES

• Surface zone
• Pycnocline
• Deep zone

11
END OF FILE
12
(No Transcript)
13
Remaining Reading Assignments in the Textbook

• Lesson 22 219-220
• Lessons 23-25 157-173(Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, Tables
  1-5), 176-184
• Lessons 26-27 243-245 132-137, 139-141(left
  col.), 179-180
• Lesson 28 137-139, 209-212(top), 213-215
• Lesson 29 141-147
• Lesson 30 248-258, 260-263, 302, 311-313
• Lesson 31 278-285
• Lesson 32 none
• Lessons 33-34 147-153, 181-193, 196-199(left
  col.), 200-204(left col), 228-243(left col.
  figs.)
• Lesson 35 none
• Lesson 36 381-389
• Lesson 37 Do after Lesson 15 (see above)
• Lessons 38-39 none