Detector%20R

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Detector RD in SLAC PPA
Preparing for experiments
at the Frontiers of Particle Physics
J. Jaros SLAC DOE HEP
Review July 7 9, 2008
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P5 Recommendations
Enable future experiments with detector RD
Support lepton collider detector technologies and
preparations for physics
Support search for 0???
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SLAC Support for Future HEP Experiments

• Detector Systems Prepare for new HEP
  experiments, integrate physics and detectors,
  identify and define needed RD
• Device RD Develop needed technologies, enable
  new experiments
• Computing and Simulation Support Simulate
  experimental designs and benchmark physics
  performance
• Engineering Develop conceptual designs,
  prototypes, full experimental designs
• Test Beams Provide a facility to test beam
  diagnostics and new detectors

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Detector Systems

• Designing new experiments requires
• understanding the physics challenges
• accounting for the experimental environments
• identifying/developing suitable detector
  technologies
• integrating sub-detectors into realistic
  technical designs
• simulating/benchmarking detector performance
• SLAC is working on several future experimental
  directions
• Developing the full EXO proposal
• Upgrading detectors for the SLHC
• Designing a detector for physics at a linear
  collider
• Exploring participation in Super B
• Interplay of all the design requirements is
  illustrated by the development of Particle Flow
  Calorimetry

See talk by Su Dong
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Particle Flow Calorimetry

• LC Physics calls for Jet Energy Resolution ?E/E
  3-4(factor of 2X better than todays state of
  the art to resolve Ws/Zs)
• Improved Resolution buys Effective
  Luminosity(factor 1.3X to 2X, depending on the
  measurement)
• Particle Flow Algorithms (PFAs) promise the
  needed gain in jet energy resolution
• PFA Calorimetry
• Measure charged energy in tracker
• Measure photon energy usingelectromagnetic
  calorimeter
• Measure neutral hadron energy inhadronic
  calorimeter
• Avoid confusion from charged tracks
• Optimizing the choice of detector parameters
• cannot be done with simple calculations.
  Realistic technical designs, full GEANT4
  simulation, optimized PF Algorithm, and costing
  models are needed.

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PFAs call for new types of calorimeters and
readout
Si/W ECAL
Highly Segmented HCAL
RPC
?Mega
GEM
Sensor KPiX
13 mm2 pixels Readout 1k pixelsper si sensor
(KPiX)
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PFA drives detector integration and technical
design
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PFA needs Algorithm Development
M. Charles (Iowa)R. CassellN. GrafT. Barklow
Homegrown PFA Development
mZ(PFA) mZ(act)
ee-?ZZ?qq??500 GeV
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Device Development

• a few examples
• Enable Si/W Calorimetry ? KPiX
• Develop High Field Solenoids ? New SC Magnet
  Cable
• Improve PID with fast timing ? TOF and Improved
  DIRC
• Capture Ba ions ? Electrostatic Probe for EXO

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KPIX Integrated Readout for Trackers,
Calorimeters, Muon Chambers

• 0.25µm TSMC
• 3232 array 1024 channels
• Internal 13-bit ADC
• 4 Samples per train with individual timestamps
• Automatic range switching for large charge
  depositions in ECal
• Bias current servo for DC coupled sensors
• Power down during inter-train gaps
• Built-in calibration
• Nearest neighbor trigger ability.
• High-gain feedback capacitor for tracker
  application
• Digital core with serial data output
• External trigger for test beam
• Dual polarity for GEM and RPC applications

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KPiX Performance
Low Noise
Large Dynamic Range
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SiD Superconductor RD
The CMS conductor is the baseline for the SiD
solenoid. It is a proven technology, yet still
very difficult and expensive to reproduce because
of on site e-beam welding. GOAL Develop a
different conductor that is easier and cheaper
for SiD and other applications such as high field
7 T to 9 T MRI magnets.
Two Possible Advanced Conductors
Replace the CMS structural aluminum / high purity
aluminum with a uniform dilute aluminum alloy
such as the ATLAS Al-0.1 Ni alloy or a high
purity aluminum matrix composite.
Add reinforcing Inconel cables to the high purity
aluminum or dilute aluminum alloy stabilizer.
ROAD MAP

• Finite element analysis Plastic structural and
  coupled transient magnetic thermal analysis for
• superconductor stability and quench
  propagation.
• Partner with universities and industry
• 1) Conductor co-extrusion (SBIR development)
• 2) Material fabrication --- dilute aluminum
  alloy and high purity aluminum/matrix
• 3) Material testing --- 4 K electrical
  resistivity and stress testing

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Very fast timing with Cherenkov light (10x
better than standard techniques) can transform
many areas of detector science
See J. Vavras talk
Example of various Super-B factory PID designs
Method to achieve it
Calculation done for flight Path Length 2m
(MCP-PMT with SiO2 radiator)
Test beams results
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Chromatic correction by timing
A new piece of detector science 10x better
timing resolution than BaBar DIRC allows a
measurement of a photon color, and this allows
the chromatic error correction of qc.
Time dispersion in fused silica bar
f(l)
FDIRC PID performance prediction
Test beam result

• This is the first and only demonstration of this
  idea !!

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EXO Detector RD

• The SLAC group has focused on the ion capture
  challenges of Ba ion tagging
• first tests of electrostatic probe ion capture
  (Th226) in LXe
• first test of xenon ice tip probe for ion
  capture and release.
• ongoing hot probe RD Ba ion release from
  heated Pt probe tip.
• Recently, discussions have begun on the
  engineering issues for a tonne-scale
• LXe TPC design with Ba tagging
  for EXO. Issues include
• TPC design
• Integration of TPC with Ba tagging system
• Undergound installation options
• Once the EXO200 prototype is installed at WIPP
  and ready for data, the level of
• design and engineering activity on
  tonne-scale EXO will ramp up at SLAC.

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Computing/Simulation
SLAC Sim/Recon Group Ron Cassel
Norman Graf Tony Johnson Jeremy
McCormick
See N. Graf Talk

• Provides full detector simulation in Geant4.
  Runtime detector description in XML, making it
  easy to study design variations.
• Provides Java-based reconstruction analysis
  framework, code, and tools
• Supports SiD, ALCPG, and international
  simulation effort with Tutorials,Workshops, WWS
  Working Groups
• Provides physics simulation and data samples for
  physics analysis e.g. 1 ab-1 sample of all
  SM Processes at 500 GeV
  http//www.lcsim.org/datasets/ftp.html
• This package is easily adaptable to study Atlas
  Upgrade designs and test beam data.

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See talk by R. Partridge
N. Graf et al
T. Nelson, J. McCormick
T. Nelson
R. Partridge
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Engineering

• SLAC has an excellent track record in
  engineering all aspects of major PPA
  experiments, from BaBar and GLAST in the recent
  past, to ongoing efforts with LSST, SNAP,
  EXO, ATLAS upgrade, and Linear Collider
  Detector.
• Research Electronics Engineering Group (Gunther
  Haller)
• Gunthers group is unique in the DOE complex
  for its systems approach to developing
  electronics from sensors, through triggers, to
  storage, including space-qualified hardware
  and software.
• Research Mechanical Engineering Group (Ken
  Fouts) The Mechanical Group has unique
  competencies in space hardware, and is
  developing expertise in ultra low background
  (underground) science.
• Both groups support critical work in PPA.
  Research Electronics Engineering Group also
  supports LCLS X-Ray Experiments.

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Research Electronics Core Competencies/Staff

• Unique Systems Design Capabilities
• Design of complete electronics system
  architectures
• System-engineering
• Front-end electronics/DAQ
• Analog, digital mixed-signal ASIC design
• Low-noise electronics system design and
  performance evaluation
• Integration of detectors with electronics,
  mechanical electrical
• High-speed communication links
• High-speed, high volume data-acquisition
  processing systems
• Electronics for spaceflight
• DAQ Hardware and software
• Real-time software design
• Low-latency-high-density storage systems

10 Electronics Engineers 4 PhD 2 Master Degree 4
Bachelor Degrees 15 DAQ/SW Developers 11 PhD 3
Master Degree 1 Bachelor Degrees 8 Support Staff
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DAQ SLAC PPA Reconfigurable Cluster Element
(RCE) Boards, Cluster Interconnect Boards

• Reconfigurable Cluster Element Board RCE
  modularizes high-performance data-acquisition
  processing with up to 512 Gbyte of FLASH memory
• Used for LSST, PetaCache, LCLS DAQ
• Uses ATCA (Advanced Telecom Communication
  Architecture) Standard
• High-speed serial backplane communication
• Cluster Interconnect Board
• 10-gigabit Switch ATCA Network card
• Interconnection of up to 14 RCEs plus external IO
• Up to 480 Gbit/sec transfer

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Research Electronics Projects

• BaBar
• PEPII Detector at SLAC
• GLAST
• Space-based detector, in orbit
• JDEM SNAP
• Space-based detector, pre-AO stage
• LSST
• Ground-based telescope
• DAQ
• EXO
• Neutrino experiment, prototype
• SiD
• Detector, RD
• LCLS Xray Experiments
• SLAC photon science, detector instrument
  controls, DAQ
• LHC Atlas Upgrade
• Tracker DAQ
• PetaCache
• Low-latency mass storage systems

GLAST
SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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PPA-Mechanical Engineering is a Matrix
Organization
EXO
GLAST
BaBar
PPA Mechanical Engineering
LSST
LCLS/LUSI
SID Detector
ATLAS Upgrade
SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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PPA-ME Core Competencies and Staff
PPA-ME provides Engineering and Technical
resources for detector and accelerator system
design

• Structural and thermal design and analysis
• 3D modeling
• Electro-mechanical design
• Optical systems engineering and design
• Cryogenic system design and operation
• Mechanical ground support equipment design
• Precision assembly and integration
• Clean room operations
• Process Development and Documentation

Mechanical Engineering Staff 8 Engineers 1
PhD 2 Master Degrees 5 Bachelor Degrees 8
Science and Engineering Associates 2 Machinists 2
Hourly Technicians
SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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Test Beams for Detector RD
See talk by C. Hast

• Future detector RD, for SLHC, Super B, and LC,
  and other new experiments, will need beam tests.
  
• In the US, only Fermilab has a suitable test
  beam, but it is very likely oversubscribed.
• The FACET reviewers in February agreed a new test
  beam for ESA is needed, but wanted a cheaper,
  LCLS compatible way to do it.
• Plans for LCLS-2 will require upgrading the PPS
  system in ESA. The spent beam from the undulator
  naturally provides an excellent test beam for
  beam instrumentation and detector RD tests.
• With a modest initial investment in PPS and
  kicker magnets, SLAC could begin providing test
  beams even before LCLS-2 installation and
  commissioning, and upgrade later.

SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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Concept for LCLS-2 with test beams
Undulator
SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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Phased Approach to Future ESA Test Beams

• Phase 1 2009(?)-2012 Low Rep Rate or
  Parasitic Cost 1M
• Modernize the ESA PPS System, to be compatible
  with Phase 2
• Develop kicker magnets with BES/LCLS and
  negotiate for shared beam use (say 1 of 120 Hz)
• Explore using LCLS beam halo as a parasitic
  source
• Phase 2 2014 onwards? Full Beam Available
• Modify A-line optics and install undulator for
  LCLS-2, allowing 100 of spent beam to be
  available for test beam
• Add target and secondary beamline in ESA
• Next Steps
• Linac task force developing a coordinated plan to
  present to SLAC management
• Proposal to DOE in Fall 08

SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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Detector RD Conclusions

• SLAC PPA is preparing for experiments at the
  frontiers of particle physics with an integrated
  approach
• Developing Detector Systems for EXO, SLHC, Super
  B, and Linear Collider,
• Identifying and pursuing the needed Detector RD
• Providing Computing and Simulation for physics
  studies, experiment design, and benchmarking
• Providing a strong engineering base for
  experiment development
• Proposing restored Test Beam Capability in ESA

SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008
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Back up Slides
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PFA is not simple in practice

• The major issue is the assignment of energy in
  the calorimeter to the charged tracks. Unassigned
  energy is double counted. Miss-assigned energy is
  lost.
• This puts emphasis on the pattern recognition
  capability of the calorimeters over and above
  just energy resolution. Hence the need for high
  segmentation, transversely and longitudinally.
• In general, the tracks spread more and the energy
  assignments become easier as the calorimeters get
  further from the IP. Unfortunately, detectors get
  very expensive as they get bigger, so simply
  making detectors larger is not a straightforward
  solution.
• Optimizing the choice of radius, B field, length,
  calorimeter detector technology, granularity,
  etc. cannot be done with simple calculations.
  GEANT4 simulation of realistically designed
  detectors, an optimized PF Algorithm, and
  costing models are needed to get useful guidance.

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Test beam capabilities with LCLS-U2/ FACET-ESA
Parameter Desired Parameter Capability LCLS2 / FACET-ESA
Energy (0.1100) GeV (0.114) GeV e, (0.18) GeV p
Charge per bunch 0.2105 0.21010 e, (0.110) p, 0.1 K and p
Particle type e, p, K, p e, p, K, p
Bunch repetition rate (Hz) 10 Hz or higher 60 Hz
Precise beam trigger Needed for time-of-flight measurements and TOF RD Yes
Spill length/pulse Single RF bucket ideal pseudo-ILC train useful for ILC electronics power pulsing Single RF bucket
Multiple particles/rf bucket possible? Useful for some linearity tests useful for vertex detector track confusion studies Yes, with electrons or mix of electrons and pions
rms x, y spot size lt1cm lt1mm useful 5 mm ok reduced rate at 1 mm
Momentum analysis? Yes (1) for some tests to 0.1 Yes (1)
x,y,z space available 14 m, 14 m, 13 m 5 m, 5 m, 15 m
Instrumentation Trigger counters Halo veto counters High resolution beam hodoscope Particle ID (Cherenkov, TOF, shower counter) Small, high field solenoid sturdy support table with remote movers Good capability for providing these
Crane (0-10) tons 15- and 50-ton cranes available
ESA satisfies many desired capabilities for a
test beam facility
SLAC DOE HEP Review July 7-9, 2008