Culture Based Development CBD Measuring an Invisible Resource Using PLS Method

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Culture Based Development (CBD) Measuring an
Invisible Resource Using PLS Method

• Annie Tubadji
• Federal Labour Institute (IAB) and Osteuroap
  Institute (OEI)
• Germany
• Frank Pelzel
• Federal Labour Institute (IAB)
• Germany
• ESA Congress
• 5th September, 2009
• Lisboa, Portugal

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Research Question State of the Art

• How does culture impact the level and speed of
  sustainable regional development?
• Sociology
• Culture Universe and more and better leave it
  not defined!
• Economics recognizes mainly the following
  answers
• religion and economic growth
• cultural diversity and productivity
• cultural amenities and migration
• cultural cost of migration and migration stock
  and flow
• social capital and institutional efficiency
• cultural tourism plus satellite industries and
  regional economic performance
• cultural industries and quality of life
• culture and conflict resolution
• Extensive Lit. Review
• Book Culture and Development, CIR 2009
  forthcoming in Sept.

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Cultural capital mechanism of impact of culture
on development

• Bourdieu (198647 )
• embodied, objectified and institutionalized
  cultural capital effects on individual level
• Throsby (19994)
• an asset with cultural value
• Florida (2002)
• Bohemians as a factor for migration
• All have problems with the definition

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Culture Work Definition

• Culture Based Development (CBD) defines culture
  as
• a resource for sustainable development,
• consists of two categories living culture and
  cultural heritage.
• Living culture is
• arts and all cultural industries (Throsby),
• way of living and milieu of the locality
  (Florida),
• values, beliefs (Bourdieu institutionalized
  cultural capital)
• habits of the people nowadays (Bourdieu
  embodied cultural capital).
• Cultural heritage is
• -material entities - objects and sites
• immaterial entities (ex. songs, legends,
  traditional believes and symbols etc.) (i.e.
  Bourdieu - objectified cultural capital)
• which embody esthetic values and historical memory

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Sustainable Development Work Definition

• CBD defines Sustainable Development as
• sustainably
• generating enough for the present whilst
  preserving resources in order that future
  generations may have the same standard
• economic growth
• healthy social climate
• high level of happiness
• high-standard living conditions
• politically stable, secure and peaceful
  environment
• efficient and reliable institutions
• respect of human rights

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CBD Concept

• Main assumptions
• Culture is a resource for sustainable
  development.
• Sustainable development is the main target for
  policy making.
• Cultural policy aims at using culture as a
  resource that contributes successfully to
  sustainable development.

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PLS Method
Structural model

• Weighting
• Outer Weighting
• Reflective
• Formative
• Inner Weighting
• - Weighting vector

• Measurement model
• Reflective scheme
• Formative scheme

• PLS-PM Algorithm
• Outer approximation
• Inner approximation

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PLS for CBD - Indicators

• Cultural heritage
• Churches older 19th century
• Sacred places (sites)
• Moles (Tombs)
• Monuments
• Religious artefacts
• Confessions
• Economic welfare
• GDP per capita
• Share of income of cultural enterprises in GDP
• Employment rate
• Wage level
• Number of incoming tourists per capita
• Prices of housing
• Share of creative occupations

• Living culture
• Concentration of Bohemians
• Educational level
• Subsidies for art
• Number of artistic organizations
• Number of museums
• Parks and green areas
• Ethnic diversity
• Social wellbeing
• Number of NGOs
• Time spend watching TV
• Cooperation level measured in number of EU funded
  projects
• Number/Members in sport clubs

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2 alternative specifications

• Economy Driven CBD Model

• Culture Driven CBD Model

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Questions to the Audience

• How to enrich the theoretical framework of CBD
  from sociological perspective?
• What additional indicators you would recommend
  for culture and its impact on development?