Innovation Processes in Developing Countries Specificities and Policy Issues for Inclusive Developme

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Innovation Processes in Developing
CountriesSpecificities and Policy Issues for
Inclusive DevelopmentJudith Sutz, Universidad
de la República, Uruguay

• EULAKS Summer School
• The role of social sciences in the construction
  of knowledge based societies Latin American and
  European perspectives

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The role of social sciences in the construction
of knowledge based societies

• Which social sciences?
• Knowledge based societies what do we mean by
  that?
• Knowledge based societies or capitalist knowledge
  based societies does this distinction make
  sense?
• Some prefere learning economies or learning
  societies what do we think?

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Sessions outline

• A combination of approaches to innovation and to
  development
• A historical view
• Looking into innovation and into national
  innovation systems from the South
• Some key questions regarding innovation in
  developing countries
• Development what are we talking about?
• Innovation and social inclusiveness
• Innovation policies for inclusive development

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Innovation is somehow related to knowledge?

• If yes, some exploration must be done on the
• production of knowledge, on how it has
• evolved, and if something can be said relating
• knowledge, innovation and divergence in the
• patterns of development

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Questions

• What kind of indicators can we use as a proxy to
  the state of the wedding of science to the useful
  arts?
• Where can we find those indicators?
• Lets give a look to the current situation...

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In 2001
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Some people say that the problem is not just
numbers but culture the South would be less
science and technologically oriented than the
NorthIs that true? (Sakiko Fukuda-Parr,Harvard
University and UNDP)
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We can accept that, in general terms, developing
countries have a structural problem related to
knowledge production and innovation How should
we think about this issue?
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STI issues need to be thought with our own heads
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A brief digression

• In 1926, while Einstein and Heisenberg
• discussed in Berlin about the nature of
  reality,
• shaked by the hypothesis of quantum mechanics,
• Einstein told the 24 year old theoretical
  phycisist
• that it is the theory that decides what we can
• observe.
• Just think about that which theories will allow
  us
• to properly observe knowledge production and
• innovation in developing countries?

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It has been said (Lundvall and Johnson) that

• If knowledge is the most important resource, then
• Learning is the most important social process
• But, what implies learning?

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With two variables it is possible to fix a point
in a map where are the different countries
located in such a map today?

• México? India?
• Finland? Denmark?
• South Korea? France?
• USA? Venezuela?
• Brazil? Uruguay?
• Spain? Chile?
• Argentina? UK?

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What can we tell from such a map?

• That between the developed countries and the
  developing countries there is a divide a
  learning divide
• That this divide can be crossed in a relatively
  short period
• That to be able to cross the learning divide
  learning by studying and learning by solving,
  both, must be fostered

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A not so visible trend the difficulties that
developing countries face to use creatively the
knowledge and innovation capabilities they have

• This is a key challenge
• It is not new
• It is related to the entire realm of social
  sciences
• We need to think deeply over this problem