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Security Encryption

• Thomas Fenske Joseph Minter

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Information Security
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(No Transcript)
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• Information Security is the preservation of
  secrecy and integrity in the storage and
  transmission of information.(Intelligence
  Encyclopedia)

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Security Breach

1. Interception of messages
2. Theft of stored data
3. Information sabotage
4. Spoofing
5. Denial of service

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• Security is more important now than ever before
  due to an increase in electronic storage,
  processing, and transmission of information.
• By typing in a user name and password, people can
  transfer money, shop, and manage financial
  accounts online.

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• Anybody who wants to protect their privacy and
  their identity have an interest in maintaining
  information security.
• Computer hackers, government intelligence
  agencies, criminals, and rival businesses are
  some of the parties which might seek to breech
  information security.

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The Patriot Act
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• The Patriot Act was passed through congress as
  a response to the attacks of 9/11.
• This law allows for your personal records to be
  searched without your knowledge or consent,
  secret searches of your home and property without
  notice, and phone computer wire taps.
• The Patriot ACT is an acronym for Uniting and
  Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate
  Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct
  Terrorism.

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• The most important tools for the preservation of
  information security and encryption.
• Passwords can be as simple as 123, or as complex
  as 30 or more letters (capital and lower case)
  numbers and characters.
• The more complex the more secure!!
• Because passwords can be simple, most people use
  short memorable passwords. They also tend to use
  the same password for multiple sites and
  institutions such as banks and credit card
  companies.

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Security Sockets Layer

• Security Sockets Layer or SSL is the leading
  internet security protocol.
• SSL is used to do two things, validate the
  identity of a website, and create an encrypted
  connection when sending out personal information
  on the internet.

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History of Encryption

• Cryptography began thousands of years ago as
  basic coding sequences.
• People would use general number sequences to
  describe words using a cipher of some kind.
• Ex. 32-51-13-13-43 HELLO

1 2 3 4 5
1 A B C D E
2 F G H I/J K
3 L M N O P
4 Q R S T U
5 V W X Y Z
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Ciphering and Cryptography

• A Cipher is secret method of writing, as by
  transposition, such as a watermark, or
  substitution of letters to form a cryptic
  combination.
• Encryption is derived from Cryptography and goes
  all the way back to the BC era.
• In 1900 BC, Egyptians began substituting
  hieroglyphs within their form of writing.

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Encryption before computers

• Before Computers, Encryption was primary used to
  keep classified information from being read by
  anyone who was not in the need to know.
• Some famous Encryption devices include The
  Enigma Machine (Germany), Purple (Japan),
  Sigaba (US Enigma)

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The Enigma Machine

• The Enigma Machine used three Rotors at a time
  out of a possible five to encrypt the lettering
  sequence of the words typed.
• Each letter that was typed on the machine had a
  corresponding light that signified the encryption
  letter.
• Each separate branch of the German Military had a
  different Enigma Cipher machine.

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Public Key Encryption

• Using matched Public/private key pairs
• Anyone Can encrypt with the public Key, but only
  one person with the private key can decrypt the
  message.
• Many companies use a public key encryption form
  including email clients and State Agencies.
• Determining public Key Encryption is simple. When
  loading a secure source a picture of a key will
  be shown in the bottom right corner of the
  browser being used as well as HTTPS//

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Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA)

• Developed by the US Government in 1993
• Key Generation has two phases
• Choosing your algorithm function parameters
• Compute the Private and public keys for the user.
• DIS is a 128 Bit Block size. Meaning that the
  password used to encrypt the information is 120
  random characters long with a 8 bit character
  fail-safe.

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Hash Functions

• A Hash Function is an algorithm that turns plain
  text into a hash value.
• A hash value is the fixed-length result of a one
  way hash function.
• The value is used as a fingerprint of the
  computer that it was accessed from.
• One of the easiest objects that could be
  described as a hash function is a cookie.