Alternative Fuels: Friend or Foe for the United States?

1
Alternative Fuels Friend or Foe for the United
States?

• Lacey Downing, Katie Keim, and
• Chris Weiss
• Florida Golf Coast University

2
OUR STANCE

• We believe Bio Diesel is the most environmentally
  friendly and cost effective fuel source for the
  future. It will provide the nation with energy
  independence.

3
Bio Diesel

• Bio diesel Bio diesel refers to a
  diesel-equivalent, processed fuel derived from
  biological sources (such as vegetable oils),
  which can be used in unmodified diesel-engine
  vehicles.
• Bio diesel is distinguished from the straight
  vegetable oils or waste vegetable oils used as
  fuels in some modified diesel vehicles. You can
  even use french fry grease.
• Bio diesel is biodegradable and non-toxic, and
  produces significantly fewer emissions than
  petroleum-based diesel when burned.
• Bio diesel also eliminates the cloud of dense,
  black smoke normally associated with diesel
  vehicles.
• It also has better lubricity than diesel fuel
  because of its higher viscosity.
• http//youtube.com/watch?vUcKpIB1HYKM

4
Petroleum Diesel

• Petroleum Diesel Diesel or diesel fuel is a
  specific fractional distillate of fuel oil
  (mostly petroleum) that is used as fuel in a
  diesel engine. The term typically refers to fuel
  that has been processed from petroleum.
• Due to petrodiesels high level of pollutants,
  diesel fuel must undergo additional filtration
  which contributes to a sometimes higher cost.
  Diesel fuel often contains higher quantities of
  sulfur.
• Petrodiesel is made of oil that mainly comes from
  foreign countries. We have become dependent on
  their resources which may have been a cause of
  conflict between the U.S. and these countries.

5
Compare And Contrast of Bio Diesel to Petroleum
Diesel

• Compared to petroleum diesel, bio diesel is
  environmentally friendly and is government
  mandated. It reduces carbon monoxide, carbon
  dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrocarbons and other
  particulate matter emissions that cause
  respiratory damage.
• Bio fuels can also be as affected in diesel
  engines just as efficiently as petrodiesel. Bio
  fuels require less energy, reduces tail pipe
  particulate matter, and has reduced harmful
  emissions

6
Bio diesel mixes cleanly at any ratio with
petrodiesel-- in fact, adding only a small amount
of bio diesel to petrodiesel results in greatly
lowered emissions.

• GRAPH KEY
• THC total hydrocarbons, CO carbon monoxide,
  NOx nitrogen oxides
• PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nPAH
  nitrated PAH
• B20 20 bio diesel / 80 diesel, B100 100 bio
  diesel

7
This graph compares pure bio diesel, blended
bio diesel and petrodiesel. Double check the
percentage level of emissions (Ex NOX)

• This graph was retrieved from Biofeul.be
• www.biofuel.be/whatisbiodiesel.html

8
Not to be bias..Overview of Nitrogen Oxides

• NOx is a generic term for the various nitrogen
  oxides produced during combustion.
• They are believed to aggravate asthmatic
  conditions, react with the oxygen in the air to
  produce ozone, which is also an irritant and
  eventually form nitric acid when dissolved in
  water.
• When dissolved in atmospheric moisture the result
  can be acid rain which can damage both trees and
  entire forest ecosystems.

9
A mixture is often formed in chemical reactions
that produce nitrogen oxides, with the
proportions depending on the specific reaction
and the conditions it is performed in.
                   Nitric oxide, NO
                   Nitrogen dioxide, NO2
Nitrous oxide, N2O
Dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4
Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5
Dinitrogen trioxide, N2O3

• This is one reason why home production of N2O is
  undesirable the other two stable oxides which
  are extremely toxic are liable to be produced.
• When bio fuels are mixed properly, NOx is only a
  small percentage higher then coal and oil based
  fuels.
• Note that the last three listed above are
  unstable.

10
PROS VS. CONS

• Fuels and lubricants made from vegetable oils
  actually perform better and pollute less than
  their petroleum counterparts.

• Their big drawback, however, is that they're two
  to three times more expensive.
• For that reason, researchers are adapting
  vegetable oil for those fuel markets where its
  advantages might justify its cost
• 100 Bio diesel have a higher Nitrogen Oxide
  emissions

11
Bio Diesel 101

• http//youtube.com/watch?vNGptWo6elAE

12
4Refuel Management Leader

• Mr. Lee is the founder and controlling
  shareholder of 4REFUEL Canada Ltd. formerly
  Mini-Tankers Canada Ltd.
• Jack's vision is to develop the 4REFUEL business
  in Canada to be the recognized national diesel
  refueling solution of choice.
• http//www.4refuel.com/

• JACK LEE - Chairman, President and Chief
  Executive Officer

13

• The idea of bio diesel has been around since as
  early as 1893 when the Ford Model T was
  introduced.
• It was the first mass-produced vehicle capable of
  running on gasoline, ethanol or a combination of
  the two.

14
Due to recent environmental and political
concerns bio diesel has now reemerged as a
growing fuel alternative.

• Examples
• The environment was affected by the major
  hurricanes of 2005 they destroyed 30 oil
  platforms and caused the closure of nine
  refineries the total shut-in oil production from
  the Gulf of Mexico in the six-month period
  following Katrina was approximately 24 of the
  annual production and the shut-in gas production
  for the same period was about 18
• The United States has been fighting in Iraq for
  over 6 years now. New concerns about American
  energy security and the stability of supplies
  were raised due to the violence in the Middle
  East.
• http//youtube.com/watch?vqCbeN1OSnw8

15

• The nation is starting to panic about the effects
  of the war and is planning to abort. America
  wants to become energy independent and is finding
  alternative ways for our vehicles to run, besides
  using petrodiesel.
• Congress passed The Energy Policy Act of 2005
  which was intended to establish a long-range
  energy policy. It focuses on newer, more
  efficient energy technologies. Congress mandates
  that refiners use 7.5 billion gallons of
  renewable fuels annually by 2012.

16
This graph shows oil consumption in 2005, before
the passing of the Energy Policy Act
SCARY!
17

• November of 2006, President George W. Bush
  promoted renewable fuels and other alternative
  sources of energy, saying America must be weaned
  from its desire for foreign oil.
• According to environmental and market analysts,
  investments in renewable energy sources and the
  market share of renewable energy sources are
  growing rapidly.

18
Conclusion

• Bio fuels reduce green house effects, lowers tail
  pipe emissions, is cost effective and has proven
  to be environmentally friendly.
• Anyone who is serious about national and economic
  security knows we must be serious about moving
  our country toward real energy independence. This
  process cannot be achieved overnight. It will
  take a generation at least - which is all the
  more reason we must begin immediately.
• We found bio fuels to be the most environmentally
  friendly and cost effective fuel source for the
  future. It offers the opportunity to provide the
  nation with energy independence.