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Breast Cancer By: Erica Lynn Hohensee

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Title: Breast Cancer By: Erica Lynn Hohensee


1
Breast CancerBy Erica Lynn Hohensee
Sources www.breastcancer.org, www.nci.nih.gov,
Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation
2
Overview
  • Breast cancer is defined as cells which grow
    abnormally within the breast tissue
  • It can happen to anyone, but it is the most
    common in women who have reached the age of
    menopause
  • Although breast cancer is the 1 cancer found in
    women men can develop it as well
  • We do not know what specifically causes breast
    cancer

3
Signs and Symptoms
  • The first noticeable sign of breast cancer can
    often take the form of a small lump in the breast
  • Besides lumps another possible sign of cancer is
    a swelling of the breast, or the area surrounding
    it
  • Dramatic changes in the breast tissue including
    size and discoloration of the nipple region
  • Any Lump that appears on a mans breast

4
Breast ExamsEarly Detection
  • Breast self-exams can be done to possibly
    determine if there is a lump in the breast
    tissue, if the women notices changes then she
    should contact her doctor
  • They should be done once a month at the end of a
    menstrual cycle, and are basically a used to
    document any changes in the breast
  • Doctors recommend that women start performing
    these exams in their early 20s

5
Breast Exams-continued
  • Clinical breast exams are the same as a self exam
    except that a doctor who is trained in noticing
    abnormalities performs them
  • They can be done during a womens normal
    gynecological visit
  • Mammograms are the final type of breast exam, in
    which radiological picture is taken of the
    breast. This is the best type of breast exam
    because it can detect abnormal cells before they
    can be seen of felt
  • Women who have had breast cancer in their family
    or starting at age 40 should have this procedure
    done every year

6
Risk Factors for developing breast cancer
  • Being a female over the age of fifty
  • Early onset of the menstrual cycle, or late onset
    of menopause
  • Family members with breast cancer
  • Not having any children, or having them past your
    twenties
  • Heavy drinking
  • Having a BMI over 25 once reaching menopause

7
Stages
  • Stage 0- abnormal cells have started to form in
    the breast
  • Stage 1- a tumor has developed but it is small,
    and has not spread beyond the breast
  • Stage 2- Can be any of the following while the
    tumor is small, under 2 centimeters, the abnormal
    cells have spread to the lymph nodes in the arm
    or the tumor is over 5 centimeters, but the
    cancer has not spread to any lymph nodes

8
Stages-continued
  • Stage 3- while it has a large tumor the cancer
    has not spread, stage 3 can be broken into three
    parts
  • Stage III A the tumor is small but the cancer has
    spread to the armpit region and the lymph nodes
    which surround it, or the tumor is more than 5
    centimeters but the cancer has only spread to the
    armpit lymph nodes and not those surrounding it
  • Stage III B the cancer has infected both the
    outer and inner layers of the breast and has
    spread to the lymph nodes under the sternum in
    the middle of the chest
  • Stage III C is where the cancer has spread not
    only to the lymph nodes in the sternum but also
    to the neck and arm region, in this case the
    tumor size does not matter
  • Stage 4- the cancer has metastasized and spread
    throughout the body

9
Breast Cancer As it spreads
10
Possible Treatments
  • Chemotherapy
  • Biological therapy -in an effort to stop the
    spread of the cancer and treat the areas where
    the cancer has already spread through monoclonal
    antibodies
  • Radiation therapy

11
Possible treatments-continued
  • Hormone therapy
  • Surgery-in an effort to remove the affected cells
    from the body this can be done in different way
    but two of the most common include a Lumpectomy,
    in which only the affected area is removed or a
    Mastectomy, in which all of the breast tissue is
    removed

12
Breast Cancer Hope for a Cure
  • Today over 85 of all women diagnosed with breast
    cancer will be free from cancer for at least five
    years, and the number dramatically increases,
    with early detection
  • Even though African American women are not
    diagnosed with breast cancer as much as other
    ethnic groups they are more likely to not survive
    from it
  • Last year over 1200 men were told they had breast
    cancer
  • Although the Komen foundation has raised over 600
    million dollars for research alone, there is
    still no cure for breast cancer

13
Places to go for help and more information
  • American Cancer Society- www.cancer.org
  • Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation-
    www.komen.org
  • National Coalition for Cancer Survivorship-
    www.canceradvocacy.org
  • Reach to Recovery- www.cancer.org
  • National Cancer Institute- www.cancer.gov
  • Young Survival Coalition- www.youngsurvival.org
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