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Chapter 24 WW2

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Title: Chapter 24 WW2


1
Chapter 24- WW2
  • Section 1
  • Prelude to War

2
US Wanted to Maintain Its Neutrality
  • We our own economic troubles at home
  • WW1 hadnt been the war to end all wars
  • Yet it was obvious that democracy was threatened
  • Fascism
  • Benito Mussolini- Thought Italy had been
    shortchanges in the peace of WW1
  • Fascism- Political philosophy that values the
    race or nation above the individual
  • Hitler- Poor painter, WW1 vet,

3
Adolph Hitler
  • Poorly educated- supported himself as a painter
  • ¼ Jewish
  • Nation was depressed after WW1
  • 1919 joined the German Workers Party
  • 1920 the GWP changed its name to the National
    Socialist German Workers Party- NAZI

4
  • 1923- Party tried to seize power in Munich-
    Hitler was jailed for 9 months
  • Wrote Mein Kampf- (MY Struggle) which laid out
    his plans for the new nation
  • Hitler promised to lead his nation out of the
    shame and economic depression they were suffering
  • 1933 he was elected was named Chancellor- he
    quickly squelched opposition and he became Der
    Fuhrer

5
  • Hitler Continued
  • He spread anti-Semitism- hatred of anything
    Jewish
  • Jews were blamed for all problems
  • Promoted the concept of a superior Aryan race
  • 1936- Hitler marched troops west into the
    Rhineland- forbidden in the Treaty of Versailles

6
  • Hitler then formed an alliance with Mussolini
    known as the Axis Powers
  • 1938- Austria was Annexed
  • Appeasement- France and GB gave into Hitlers
    demands for more territory to keep the peace
  • 1939- Germany signed a non- aggression pact with
    Russia then attacked Poland
  • France and GB then declared war on Germany

7
Japan Builds an Empire
  • In the 1930s Japan was a booming industrial
    empire But lacked raw materials
  • Military leaders ran their country and resented
    relying on the US and others
  • 1931- Japan Attacked Manchuria
  • By 1937 Japan controlled Shanghai, Nanjing,
    Beijing among others

8
The American Response
  • Many Americans favored isolationism and in the
    1930s passed three neutrality laws
  • The Neutrality laws specified that we would only
    be involved with Cash and Carry- pay up front
  • In early 1941 a Gallup poll revealed 88 of
    Americans wanted to stay out of the war.

9
  • Challenges to Neutrality
  • Between September 1939 and June 1940 the Axis
    powers defeated Poland, Norway, Denmark,
    Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Japan controlled
    China and many French and Dutch colonies- this
    caused many Americans to feel support for the
    Allies

10
The Arsenal of Democracy
  • Under FDR the US began to support the British-
    they were the lone democratic Western European
    country
  • We traded fifty old warships for bases in the
    Western Hemisphere
  • Began the Lend-Lease Act This meant wed give
    them whatever they needed and worry about payment
    later

11
The Attack on Pearl Harbor
  • The US responded to Japanese aggression by
    terminating many trade agreements with Japan
    including oil, planes, scrap metal and freezing
    all Japanese assets in the US
  • The Japanese took matters into their own hands
    and attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
  • FDR responded with his famous a date which will
    live in infamy speech- soon after we were
    officially in WW2

12
The Military Struggle
  • FDR was planning the peace before the war even
    began with his four essential freedoms- freedom
    of speech, worship, want and fear
  • After a meeting with Churchill these aims and
    others became known as the Atlantic Charter
  • The Allies were on the defensive early and
    decided on defeating Germany first while fighting
    a defensive war with Japan
  • The German blitzkrieg- lightning war- gave
    Germany control of Western Europe and they
    relentlessly bombed GB from July 1940 until June
    1941.

13
  • Germany broke its nonaggression pact with the
    Soviets in 1942 and drove deep into Russia
  • Field Marshal Rommel- the Desert Fox- controlled
    much of North Africa- oil
  • Not fighting German on the Eastern front caused
    Russian resentment that lasted well after the war
    was over
  • Japan had destroyed most of the Pacific fleet
    with the exception of our aircraft carriers and
    controlled most of the Pacific islands- Australia
    looked like the next target.
  • Douglas MacArthur gave his famous I shall
    return speech as he was leaving the Philippines

14
  • Turnaround
  • By late 1942 Hitler repeated Napoleons mistake
    and overextended his supply lines in the Soviet
    Union- Stalingrad
  • Radar and sonar gave the allies an advantage over
    the Germans in the Atlantic theatre
  • Operation Torch- November 1942- signaled the
    Allies aggressive campaign to begin in North
    Africa and work up through Sicily and Italy- the
    soft underbelly
  • Led by US General Dwight D. Eisenhower, all
    objectives were accomplished and by July 1943
    paratroopers took Sicily and by 1944 Rome was in
    Allied hands and Mussolini was dead

15
War in the Pacific
  • The US broke the Japanese codes which gave us a
    distinct advantage
  • Colonel James Doolittle launched a psychological
    raid on Japan from the Hornet- many pilots
    perished over China
  • May 1942 the Battle of Coral Seas turned the
    Japanese back from Australia
  • Japanese Admiral Yamamoto designed a plan to
    smash the Americans at the Midway Islands. We
    knew what they were going to do and a fierce air
    battle from carriers went on for four days.
    Things looked bleak because almost all our planes
    were shot down- but luck won the day when some
    lost dive bombers spotted the Japanese fleet and
    destroyed three of the carriers- the fourth was
    destroyed the next day Japan never was the
    aggressor in the Pacific again

16
Pacific Island Battles
  • Control of the islands leading to Japan was vital
    for both sides- air cover, re-supply etc
  • Guadalcanal was the linchpin in the Pacific-
    Japan felt that this island controlled the fate
    of the war. Consequently this was a brutal
    battle- US prevailed
  • Island Hopping became the US strategy to control
    strategic islands and isolate Japanese land
    forces
  • These island battles were extremely intense and
    deadly in some instances feet of ground was
    measured by how many dead bodies it cost

17
Finishing Off Germany
  • The Allied powers agreed to invade across the
    English Channel- D-Day was June 6, 1944
  • Fighting was bitter at time Saving Private Ryan
    but the allies prevailed and the Germans launched
    an all out desperation attack known as the Battle
    of the Bulge in December 1944
  • Russian troops and the rest of the Allies were
    rushing to take control of Germany

18
Holocaust
  • Allied soldiers were horrified to discover the
    death camps that were a key element of Hitlers
    Final Solution
  • The Nazis killed an estimated 6 million Jews and
    another 5 million undesirables Slavs, Gypsies,
    homosexuals and the physically and mentally
    handicapped

19
The End of the War in Europe
  • Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin met in Yalta- in
    the USSR- to discuss the post war world
  • They decide to split Germany into peacekeeping
    zones- setting up the cold war
  • Harry Truman replace FDR after he died and the
    new Big Three told Japan to surrender or face
    ultimate destruction- this was especially
    poignant after Little Boy and Fat Man
  • MacArthur returned to the Philipines

20
Chapter 24 Section 3 Americans on the Battle
Fronts
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