Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit of the Narwhal

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Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit of the Narwhal
Traditional Knowledge Integrated with Tusk
Scientific Research. Martin Nweeia, Harvard
University and Smithsonian Institution Cornelius
Nutarak, Elisapie Ootova, Paniloo Sanguya, Inuit
Elders Jack Orr, Fisheries and Oceans
Canada Joseph Meehan, Narwhal Tusk Research David
Angnatsiak, Hunter
Narwhal Tusk Research eMlZs2 gZq8i4 cspn8i6
Qaujisanniq qilalugaup tugangninnik www.narwhal.o
rg mnweeia_at_gmail.com P.O. Box 525 Salisbury,
CT. 1-860-364-0800
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Climate Change and Narwhal Migration
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C e l e b r a t I n g
the
Voices
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SAMPLE QUESTIONS FROM THE INTERVIEWS How often
do you notice or hear about a double tusked
narwhal? Can they occur in males and/or
females? cftf5 gnMshaF5 s?li5 s0pDh4ymF5 m3Di4
gZc5gi4V gZcgcha? Xa9li4 x7ml s?li5 x3Nl8i4V How
often have you seen or heard about a female with
a tusk? bfMs3haF5 s?li5 gnMs3gaF5 x3N8li4
gZc5gi4V How often have you seen or heard about
a male without a tusk? bfMs3haF5 s?li5 gnMs3gaF5
xa9li4 gZcq5gi4V
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NAMING THE WHALE

• Monodon monoceros, Linneus, 1758 One tooth,
  one horn
• Narwhal, from the Old Norse, Naar meaning
  cadaver or corpse, thus the translation to
  corpse-like whale. If the meat was ingested,
  Danish lore told of a corpse-like state the body
  would develop.
• Qilalugaq Qernertaq,Inuit name

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DESCRIBING ANATOMICAL VARIATION

• The Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Academic
  Press, 2002) describes the adult narwhal as
  completely mottled on the dorsum but with
  increasing white fields on the ventral side. Old
  adult males only maintain a narrow dark-spotted
  pattern on the top of the back, whereas the rest
  of the body is white.
• Inuit descriptions of narwhal include
• Adult narwhal Tiggar tZ
• Female with tusk Arningali x3izo
• Female and male without tusk Tuugaittuq gZw5g6
• Male with white color Qakuyuktuq cfJ4g6
• Male with black color Qinnijuktuq eiJ4g6
• Male with long tusk and black
  Tuujrinnirsait gZE8i3nw
• Male with shorter and wider tusk
  Tuugaitun gZwg8

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GENDER OF THE DOUBLE-TUSKED NARWHAL

• Some of the females can have teeth and in
  almost all these cases there are two. Peter
  Jensen, Thules Most Important Animals, Kbh,
  1979.
• On very rare occasions two-tusked narwhals
  have been caught or seen freqently female.
  Rolland Stevens Alaska Whales and Whaling,
  Alaska Geographic Society, 1978

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COMPARING CANADIAN AND GREENLANDIC NARWHAL

• Morphology, Greenlandic narwhal broader and wider
  than Canadian.
• Behavior, Canadian narwhal less timid and easier
  to hunt than Greenlandic

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FINDING THE CAUSE OF BROKEN TUSKS

• Estimates of broken tusks in the scientific
  literature range from 30 (Silverman and Dunbar,
  1980) to 66 (Gerson and Hickie, 1985).
  Aggressive use of the male tusk between males or
  in defense against predators (Buckland, 1882
  Gray, 1889 Freuchen, 1935 Breummer, 1966 Ford,
  1986) is the most common cited cause.
• Inuit observation describes narwhal that are
  scared from killer whales and hunters dive in
  shallow waters hitting the bottom and breaking
  their tusks against the ocean floor..

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Who Leads the Herd?
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