FORMULATION%20OF%20MIX%20DESIGN%20TO%20INCORPORATE%20HYDROCARBON%20AFFECTED%20SOIL%20IN%20ASPHALT%20STABILIZED%20BASE

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FORMULATION OF MIX DESIGN TO INCORPORATE
HYDROCARBON AFFECTED SOIL IN ASPHALT STABILIZED
BASE

• Prepared by
• Michael Ruckgaber
• Summer 2000 REU

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Aknowledgements

• Dr. Musharraf Zaman
• Rafiqul Tarefder
• Don Steel
• Cheong Fong

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Introduction

• Heavy-chain hydrocarbon and metal affected soil
  from Kerr-McGee Cleveland site
• Possible actions ignorance, placement in
  landfill, biodegradation, soil washing
• Preferred action stabilization with asphalt
  emulsion and incorporation into Asphalt
  Stabilized Base (ASB)

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Benefits

• Energy savings
• Cold-Mix Asphalt (CMA) using emulsion is less
  polluting than Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA)
• Extremely versatile long-term use
• Recyclable

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Objectives

• Incorporate the maximum amount of soil into
  suitable mix design
• Find the optimum amount of emulsion, moisture,
  and cement to add
• Ensure that the mix will surpass strength,
  resistance, and sensitivity to moisture damage
  requirements

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Research Plan

• Soil Analysis
• Moisture content, sieve analysis, specific
  gravity, hydrometer test, liquid limit, plastic
  limit, plasticity index, sand equivalent test,
  and finally, soil classification

• Aggregate Analysis (Don Steel)
• Moisture content, sieve analysis, LA abrasion,
  sand equivalent test, fractured faces, and
  specific gravity

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Research Plan, cont.

• Mix Design
• Emulsion Type, Emulsion Content by Equation,
  Coating and Adhesion Tests, Optimum Emulsion and
  Moisture Contents, and Additives
• Sample Preparation and Evaluation
• Mixing, Curing, Resistance by Hveem Stability
  Method, Split-Tensile Strength

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Soil Analysis

• Moisture content 13.4
• Average of 43 material by weight passed No. 200
  sieve
• Soil Classification
• AASHTO A-4(0) and A-4(2)

• USDA Sandy loam and sandy clay loam
• Unified Soil Sandy organic clay (OL)

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Aggregate Analysis

• Preformed by Don Steel, student here
• Surpassed all set requirements by Oklahoma
  Department of Transportation (ODOT) and Texas
  Department of Transportation (TxDOT), like
  gradation, fractured Faces (75 with 2), and Sand
  Equivalent (minimum of 40),

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Mix Design

• Emulsion type CSS-1h
• Coating, more than 50) and adhesion tests
  (boiling water)
• Optimum emulsion content 4.5
• Additives Cement at 0, 1 and 2

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Sample Preparation Overview

• 85 total samples
• 34 50 soil, 50 aggregate (50/50)
• 21 60/40
• 12 70/30
• 6 80/20
• Most with 2 cement
• Some early cured, some fully cured

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Sample Preparation Cont.

• 1/3 water, mix, cement (if any), mix, 1/3 water,
  mix, 1/3 water, mix, emulsion, mix, mechanical
  mixer
• Compacted using a Rainhart Gyratory Compactor
• Curing
• Early 24 hours at around 778F
• Vacuum early cured, then submerged in vacuum
  for 1 hour, and submerged for 1 more hour

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Mold for Compactor
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Texas Gyratory Compactor
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Asphalt Samples
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MTS Compression Machine
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Sample Preparation, Cont.

• Resistance values must be above requirement of
  70
• Split-tensile values must be above 35 psi
  (TxDOT compressive requirement)

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Conclusions

• Soil passed all requirements
• Soil is very light (specific gravity less than 2)
• Cement helps to increase the size of particles
• Aggregate passed all requirements
• Very coarse, well suited for mixing with soil
• The 80 soil 20 aggregate mix provided adequate
  resistance and tensile strength values
• Would have tried 100 soil, but ran out of time
  will more than likely work

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Conclusions, Cont.

• More emulsion is need with mixtures containing
  high percentages of soil
• Cement is also needed with high soil percentages
• Using more soil in a mix is cheaper, but requires
  more emulsion and cement

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Recommendations

• This process will stabilized the affected soil in
  a productive, economic, viable product that saves
  the tax payers money
• Investigation of other additives such as lime,
  fly ash, and cement kiln dust (CKD) could be
  useful
• Could also investigate asphalt incorporation
  using HMA design