Immunology

1
Immunology

• Pathogens
• Virus
• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Protozoan
• Parasitic worms
• Toxins
• Environmental conditions

2
Nonspecific

• Skin
• Mucus
• Sebum
• Gastric juice
• perspiration
• Tears
• Urine
• Diarrhea
• Enzymes
• Normal Flora

3
Inflammation

• Leukocytes
• Neutrophils
• Eosinophils
• Basophils
• Macrophages
• Blood clotting factors
• Lymph nodes
• Calor, Dolor, Edema, Erythema

4
Inflammation

• Vasodilatation
• Histamine
• Kinins
• Prostaglandins
• Function
• Fever
• 37 degrees
• Hypothalamus
• Interleukin 1
• Prostaglandins
• Chill and Crisis

5

• Fever
• Hostile environment for pathogens
• Increase metabolic rate

6
Complement System

• Plasma proteins
• Specific and nonspecific
• Activated by antibody-antigen complex
• Interact with CHO on microbes surface
• Some have interior channels that lyse pathogen
  (pore)

7

• Complement cascade create gradients that attract
  more wbc
• Netrophils - bact
• Eosinophils - worms
• Basophils - allergy

8
Immune System

• Immune response characterized by immunological
  specificity and memory
• B and T cells

9

• T cells
• Recognize self and non-self
• Major histocompatibility markers (MHC)
• Function
• 1. Recognition
• 2. Cell division
• 3. Differentiation

10

• B cells
• Activated by T helper cells
• Differentiation into plasma cells and memory
  cells
• Plasma cells
• Produce antibodies for immediate attack
• Memory cells
• For next attack