Different Disorders under Autism Spectrum Disorder

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What is ASD?
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a range of
neurodevelopmental conditions. It affects the
social, behavioural, and communicative abilities
of the individual. It also impacts the cognitive
abilities, focus, learning abilities, and motor
skills of the individual.
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What are the disorders under ASD?
Aspergers syndrome is on the MILDER END of the
spectrum. The individual finds social interaction
challenging. Pervasive developmental disorder
(PDD-NOS) is on the MIDDLE of the spectrum. It is
characterised by difficulty in communication as
well as social interactions. Autistic disorder
is a MIX of Aspergers syndrome and PDD-NOS. The
individuals social skills and communication
skills are significantly affected. Childhood
disintegrative disorder is the MOST SEVERE and
rarest type. Children between the ages of 2 and 4
years will suddenly LOSE their social, language,
and mental skills.
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Signs and symptoms of ASD

• Behavioural challenges
• Unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell,
  taste, look, or feel (sensory processing
  difficulties)
• Commonly found to be obsessed by a particular
  part of object
• Repeats words or phrases over and over (called
  echolalia)
• Upset with minor changes to routine
• Plays with toys the same way every time
• Obsessive interests
• Lines up toys or other objects and gets upset
  when order is changed

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Social interaction and communication challenges

• Does not share interests with others by 15 months
  of age (for example, shows you an object that
  they like)
• Does not show facial expressions like happy, sad,
  angry, and surprised by 9 months of age
• Uses few or no gestures by 12 months of age (for
  example, does not wave goodbye)
• Avoids or does not keep eye contact
• Does not respond to name by 9 months of age
• Does not pretend to be something else, like a
  teacher or superhero, during play by 48 months of
  age
• Uses few or no gestures by 12 months of age (for
  example, does not wave goodbye)
• Does not point to show you something interesting
  by 18 months of age
• Does not notice when others are hurt or upset by
  24 months of age

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Other symptoms

• Unusual mood or emotional reactions
• Anxiety, stress, or excessive worry
• Delayed language skills
• Delayed movement skills
• Delayed cognitive or learning skills
• Gastrointestinal issues (for example,
  constipation)
• Hyperactive, impulsive, and/or inattentive
  behavior
• Epilepsy or seizure disorder
• Unusual eating and sleeping habits
• Lack of fear or more fear than expected