Four Stages of Osteoarthritis: Symptoms & Treatments

1
What are the four
stages of osteoarthritis?
2
Agenda

• A

• Introduction
• Causes
• Target Points
• Possible Treatments
• Regenerative Medicines help
• Summary

3
Introduction

• Osteoarthritis is a common condition that affects
  joints, including the feet, shoulder, hips,
  knees, and hands.
• A robust, smooth, slippery
• coat covers the bone surface called cartilage.
  This cartilage coating helps your bones to move
  freely against each other.
• If a part of the cartilage becomes thin and the
  bone surface becomes rougher, the bones will not
  move freely. And this is the so-called wear and
  tear of the joint. The knee, hip and small joints
  of the hands are more prone to develop
  osteoarthritis because of more frequent
  weight-bearing and repetitive movement.

4
What are the four stages of osteoarthritis?
5
There are four stages of osteoarthritis, and the
symptoms and signs.

• Stage 1 Minor
• Little to no pain
• Minor wear-and-tear of the joint
• Stage 2 Mild
• Stiffness sensation if you remain sedentary for a
  while
• You may require a brace
• Noticeable bone spur

6
There are four stages of osteoarthritis, and the
symptoms and signs.

• Stage 3 Moderate
• Joint inflammation and discomfort while doing
  everyday activities
• Cartilage in the affected area starts getting
  worn
• Stage 4 Sever
• Overgrown spur formation in the affected joint
• Severe pain and swelling
• Joint inflammation followed by the complete
  worn-out cartilage

7
What happens if the cartilage becomes thin?

8
What happens if the cartilage becomes thin?

• Once the cartilage is damaged, the tissues within
  the joint work actively to repair the damage.
  This repair process may even change the joint
  structure.
• In this process, you may get joint pain,
  swelling, difficulty in joint movement, and
  stiffness.
• Or else, there will be an additional bone
  development at the edge of your joint called
  osteophytes.
• These outgrowths will restrict your movement by
  rubbing against the surrounding tissues.
• Furthermore, the synovium (joint capsule lining)
  may also thicken and secrete more fluid. This
  secretion will swell up the joint region.
• Since joint regions cannot move freely, they may
  develop cracking or grating sounds. The joint
  structure will become less stable, followed by
  the weakening of the muscles.
• Usually, most of us develop osteoarthritis as we
  grow older, even if we are unaware of it. The
  degree of joint damage can determine the severity
  of pain and mobility issues.

9
What exactly causes osteoarthritis?

• One of the most common causes of osteoarthritis
  is wear and tear. However, the risk of
  developing osteoarthritis depends on the
  following factors
• Gender Osteoarthritis is more severe and
  frequent in females compared to males.
• Age Osteoarthritis more commonly develops in the
  late 40s. The body changes include weak muscles,
  reduced ability to heal itself, and weight gain
  are the primary reasons as we age.
• Obesity Obesity is a major risk factor,
  especially when it comes to weight-bearing joints
  like the hip and knee.
• Joint Injury and Abnormalities Repetitive
  activities can increase the risk of joint
  injuries that may lead to osteoarthritis. Other
  joint abnormalities such as gout and rheumatoid
  arthritis can cause osteoarthritis.
• Heredity Mutation of genes that affect a
  collagen protein may cause osteoarthritis at an
  earlier age.
• Weather Condition The changes in weather
  conditions, especially the fall in atmospheric
  pressure, can worsen osteoarthritiss pain and
  other symptoms. However, weather changes are not
  the cause of arthritis symptoms, but the cold
  weather can undoubtedly worsen the symptoms.

10
Is it possible to diagnose osteoarthritis?

• Yes. It is obligatory to diagnose accurately
  before proceeding with osteoarthritis treatment.
• Symptoms the starting point and the severity
  level of these symptoms
• Physical examination
• Restricted movement
• Joint tenderness
• Swelling of bones
• Weakness of muscles surrounding the affected
  joint
• Joint instability
• Grating or creaking sensation of the joint region
  called crepitus
• X-ray examination to determine if there is any
  calcium deposit in the joint region
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination can
  determine the possible bone or joint problems
  that may trigger the above-listed symptoms

11
What are the target points affected by
osteoarthritis?

• All joints may develop osteoarthritis. However,
  osteoarthritis mainly affects the knee, shoulder,
  elbow, hip, spine, wrist, thumb, foot, ankle,
  neck, back, jaw (temporomandibular joint), and
  big toes.

12
Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?

• Yes. It is obligatory to diagnose accurately
  before proceeding with osteoarthritis treatment.
• The diagnosis of this condition is based on the
  following
• Symptoms the starting point and the severity
  level of these symptoms
• Physical examination
• Restricted movement
• Joint tenderness
• Swelling of bones

13
Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?

• Weakness of muscles surrounding the affected
  joint
• Joint instability
• Grating or creaking sensation of the joint region
  called crepitus
• X-ray examination to determine if there is any
  calcium deposit in the joint region
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) examination can
  determine the possible bone or joint problems
  that may trigger the above-listed symptoms

14
Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?

• Yes. The list of treatment methods that can
  manage your osteoarthritis symptoms includes the
  following
• Initial home treatment RICE formula RICE
  represents Rest, Ice application, Compression,
  and Elevation. Take enough rest. Apply ice cubes
  to the affected region by wrapping them in a
  cloth. Wear compression bands to restrict the
  movement of the affected joint region. While
  taking a rest, keep the affected joint in an
  elevated position above your chest.
• Activity modification Try to modify the routine
  activities until you find relief from arthritis
  symptoms. For instance, if you are a runner, stop
  running till your pain subsides. However, keep
  walking instead of running to maintain an active
  life.
• Physical therapy Physical therapeutic exercises,
  including strengthening exercises, range of
  movement exercises, hydrotherapy, and aerobic
  exercises, can relieve osteoarthritis symptoms.
  Even cycling, walking, and swimming can help
  people get relief from pain.

15
Is it possible to treat osteoarthritis?

• NSAIDs Administration of NSAIDs (Non-steroidal
  anti-inflammatory drugs) can reduce pain,
  swelling, and inflammation. However, physicians
  do not recommend them for long due to their
  significant side effects.
• Corticosteroid injections Physicians recommend
  corticosteroid injections in case medications
  dont work. However, repeated steroids can weaken
  the tendon around the affected joint region,
  making it more painful.
• Regenerative treatment A natural and minimally
  invasive non-surgical orthobiologic treatment
  that kick starts the healing process by treating
  the underlying cause as well as symptoms of
  osteoarthritis.
• Surgery Physicians recommend surgery as the last
  option to treat osteoarthritis. The varied
  surgical options include
• Joint replacement surgery
• Arthroscopic keyhole surgery to wash out loose
  bone fragments from the affected joint region
• Joint fusion The joints are fixed together to
  prevent further movement.

16
How can Regenerative Medicine help in
osteoarthritis treatment?

• Regenerative medicine includes natural cellular
  treatments like PRP Therapy, Stem Cell Treatment,
  regenerative therapy, Goldic Treatment and
  others.
• Unlike the conventional treatment methods,
  regenerative medicine treats the underlying cause
  of the symptoms. And by healing, the underlying
  cause can treat your symptoms as well.
• It is a revolutionary method where physicians use
  patients body cells for treatment. Hence, you do
  not undergo any significant side effects like
  allergy or rejection problems. Unlike other
  conventional treatment methods, this
  long-lasting, minimally invasive, a

17
Time to take care of yourself

• Living with osteoarthritis can affect a person
  emotionally and mentally. The continuous pain
  disturbs the sleep routine, and eventually, it
  will affect the persons mood. And finally, the
  osteoarthritis pain will get on top of you.
• If you feel low or are currently undergoing any
  such underlying symptoms or joint pain, contact
  Medica Stem Cells Clinic. Our medical team of
  orthopaedic surgeons and doctors is here to
  listen to your concerns and offer a suitable
  solution without any delays.
• Earlier is better! Regenerative treatment
  intervention is likely to be more effective when
  it is provided in the earlier stages of
  osteoarthritis rather than later. Dont wait
  until the pain becomes unbearable. Get it treated
  as soon as you notice changes or pain in your
  joint. So, reach out to us as soon as possible to
  enjoy a long-lasting pain-free life.

18
Thank you

• Medica Stem Cells
• info_at_medicastemcells.com
• https//medicastemcells.com/