Definition & Facts for Bariatric Surgery by Dr.Soumen Roy

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Definition Facts for Bariatric Surgery by Dr.
Soumen Roy
www.drsoumenroy.com
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WHO (World health organization) defines
overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive
fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity
is a global health problem. At least 2.8 million
adults die each year as a result of being
overweight or obese. In addition, 44 of the
diabetes burden, 23 of the ischaemic heart
disease burden and between 7 and 41 of certain
cancer burdens are attributable to overweight and
obesity. On average, obesity reduces life
expectancy by six to seven years, while severe
obesity (BMI gt 40 kg/m2) reduces life expectancy
by ten years. In India the obesity is rapidly
rising among the general population. 1 in 5
adults are overweight in India.
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099373 26869
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People with obesity have a higher chance of
developing these health problems

• High blood sugar or diabetes
• High blood pressure (hypertension)
• High blood cholesterol and triglycerides
• Fatty liver and liver cirrhosis
• Heart disease

• Stopping breathing during sleep (sleep apnea)
• Stroke
• Gall stones
• Bone and joint disorders
• gastroesophageal reflux disease

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099373 26869
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In addition to these health problems, obesity
causes cancer. Every 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI
increases the risk of endometrial cancer by 62,
gallbladder cancer by 31 and kidney cancer by
25. Severe obesity also interferes with the
routine work and socialization. Most patients
with severe obesity cannot lose and maintain
weight with nonsurgical treatment. Lifestyle
modification and currently available drugs are
associated with a modest weight loss (average 5
kg) which is poorly sustained.
Studies have shown that surgery offers the only
permanent and sustained weight loss in comparison
to other options. These surgeries are done when
diet and exercise have failed to reduce the
weight to an optimum level. The operations to
lose weight are called bariatric surgery. This
operation make changes in the digestive tract and
limits the amount of food which can be eaten
and/or reduces the absorption of nutrients. In
addition, they make hormonal changes which
improves satiety and reduce weight.
srdoc83_at_gmail.com
099373 26869
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Body Mass Index (BMI) is a calculation to know
the weight in relation to the height. It is
defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided
by the square of his height in meters (kg/m2). It
is the most commonly used formula to determine
the grade of obesity.
srdoc83_at_gmail.com
099373 26869
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People with obesity have a higher chance of
developing these health problems

• The BMI is 37.5 or higher
• The BMI is 32.5 or higher with weight-related
  health conditions
• Inability to lose or maintain weight loss using
  dietary or medical measures

The commonly done operations in India include
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy The stomach is
divided vertically, the surgeon removes
approximately 85 percent of the stomach. The
portion of the stomach that remains is shaped
like a very slim banana which measures from 50
150ml. There is no intestinal bypass, only
stomach reduction. The lack of an intestinal
bypass reduces the risk of potential long-term
complications such as marginal ulcers, vitamin
deficiencies and intestinal obstructions.
srdoc83_at_gmail.com
099373 26869
www.drsoumenroy.com
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Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypassGastric
bypass surgery involves stapling the stomach to
form a small pouch and re-routing the small
intestine. After surgery, food enters the pouch
and empties into the small intestine. As a
result, food bypasses almost all of the stomach
and a segment of the intestine. These operations
helps reduce weight and reduces risk of
associated diseases. But not all excess weight
will be lost only 50-75 of excess weight loss
is expected. More than 90 percent of individuals
are successful in maintaining 50 percent or more
of their excess weight loss following
surgery. The surgery improves and resolves most
of the obesity related diseases in majority of
the individuals. For example diabetes improves in
more than 85 percent and resolves in 78 percent.
Hyperlipidemia improves in 97 and sleep apnea in
81. In addition to improvement in health and
longevity overall quality of life is improved.
Several large studies have shown that risk of
death is reduced following surgery.
srdoc83_at_gmail.com
099373 26869
www.drsoumenroy.com
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Before surgery cardiovascular, pulmonary and
endocrine systems has to be carefully evaluated.
A psychological evaluation is also an important
part of preparation. Counselling is done about
dietary and nutritional issues related to
surgery. You will feel satisfied with eating
smaller portions, so you will be able to limit
the amount of food you eat at one time. You will
need to change your overall diet and eating
habits, including drinking at least eight cups of
water per day, chewing your food completely and
consuming smaller portions. Since the amount of
food you consume is decreased, you need to eat
only quality food. There is a need for regular
lifelong follow-up after the surgery. Strict
compliance with the dietary, exercise and
lifestyle modifications is required before and
after the surgery.
srdoc83_at_gmail.com
099373 26869
www.drsoumenroy.com
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Contact Us
Cosmopolis apartment , Dumduma , Khandagiri
(Bhubaneswar) Address C-043, 4th floor
(751019) Emailsrdoc83_at_gmail.com Website
http//www.drsoumenroy.com/
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