A Quick Look At The Different Types of Open Circuit Cooling Towers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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A Quick Look At The Different Types of Open Circuit Cooling Towers

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Under each kind are the different types and designs. Today, we are going to talk about the 5 main types of open circuit cooling towers. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: A Quick Look At The Different Types of Open Circuit Cooling Towers


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A Quick Look At The Different Types of Open
Circuit Cooling Towers
  • Submitted By Tower Tech Cooling Systems Pvt.
    Ltd

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  • Cooling towers are proven to be an essential part
    of manufacturing and industrial plants. Cooling
    towers are categorized into two main kinds- the
    closed circuit cooling tower and the open circuit
    cooling towers. Under each kind are the different
    types and designs. Today, we are going to talk
    about the 5 main types of open circuit cooling
    towers.
  • Although cooling tower systems are mostly used by
    manufacturing plants and industrial buildings,
    many large office buildings are also now enjoying
    the benefits that an efficient system offers.
    Cooling towers are proven to be an essential part
    of manufacturing and industrial plants like
    petrochemical plants, chemical plants, oil
    refineries, thermal power stations or power
    generation plants, and other industries with
    buildings that need a fully functional HVAC
    system for cooling. The main purpose of
    industrial water cooling towers is to efficiently
    and effectively extract and reject waste heat
    from the industrial plants, manufacturing
    buildings, and large offices by cooling the water
    used in various processes and by generating lower
    water temperatures.

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  • Cooling towers are categorized into two main
    kinds- the closed circuit cooling tower and the
    open circuit cooling towers. Under each kind are
    the different types and designs. Although all the
    types and kinds of cooling towers perform the
    same function, they differ in various points
    especially in terms of how they cool the water
    used in the process.
  • Today, we are going to talk about the 5 main
    types of open circuit cooling towers. But before
    that, let us discuss first what is an open
    circuit cooling tower and a closed circuit
    cooling tower, as well as the primary difference
    between the two.

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Open Circuit Cooling Tower
  • The open circuit cooling tower is an enclosed
    heat exchanger or structure that distributes warm
    water over a fill or packing and cools down the
    warm water through direct contact with air. The
    labyrinth-like fill provides an expanded
    air-water interface for air heating which allows
    evaporation to occur. Partially, the heat
    transfer happens by way of heat exchange, and
    mainly via evaporation. It is during evaporation
    when the water has to be cooled down. The process
    of cooling down takes place as the water falls
    through the fill. The water will then be
    collected in the cold basin built below the fill.
    The heated air which is heavily loaded with
    moisture leaves the fill and gets released into
    the atmosphere.

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  • An open circuit cooling tower system offers
    optimal cooling and allows low process
    temperatures. This system also provides colder
    water. Though the operating cost of an open
    cooling tower is generally lower, it may
    dramatically increase in time as this type of
    cooling system needs additional water treatment.
    The cost may even increase if the heat exchangers
    get fouled. In order to prevent or at least
    minimize the chances of fouling and other issues
    that affect the efficiency of the system, the
    cooling tower parts especially the heat
    exchangers have to be checked and maintained
    regularly. 

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Closed Circuit Cooling Tower
A closed circuit cooling tower functions almost
the same way as the open circuit cooling tower.
What makes the previous different from the latter
is the fact that it does not involve direct
contact between the fluid being cooled and the
air. Also, the closed circuit cooling tower has a
heat exchanger coil built within the tower. This
coil is responsible for separating the cooling
tower water from the cooling water. The closed
circuit cooling tower is also designed with two
separate fluid circuits. Unlike an open circuit
cooling tower, a closed circuit cooling tower
does not experience fouling which is mainly
caused by dirt and oxygen. This is because the
cooling water is contained in the coil and is not
exposed to the atmosphere.
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Different types of open circuit cooling tower
  • There are 5 primary types of open circuit cooling
    towers. These are
  • Round / Bottle Cooling Tower
  • Square / Rectangular Cooling Tower
  • Field Erected Cooling Tower
  • Fan Less, Fills Less Cooling Tower
  • Cross Flow Cooling Tower

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Round / Bottle Cooling Tower
  1. The round cooling tower, also called the bottle
    shape cooling tower, is popularly known for its
    superb technology and outstanding compact design.
    It is available in different flute sizes. Because
    of its round shape, it allows the air flow to get
    evenly distributed and it also offers maximum
    heat transfer per contact surface area and unit
    volume. The round or bottle cooling tower uses
    the counter flow-induced draft technology and is
    designed with cross corrugated PVC film fills
    heat transfer media. It is constructed from
    fiberglass-reinforced plastics.  
  2. The round cooling towers are usually fabricated
    and designed at the water cooling towers
    manufacturers factory and are only assembled at
    the job site. This can be used in various
    applications including process cooling, chemical
    plants, HVAC, refrigeration, steel melting, light
    to medium industrial plants, plastic processing
    plants, and pharmaceutical plants. 

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Fan Less, Fills Less Cooling Tower
As its name suggests, the fanless, fill less
cooling tower does not have any fill or fan which
is used to cool down the waste heat water.
Instead, it utilizes the outside wind passage as
the cooling media. It has wooden louvers that
serve as the sidewall that restricts water
spillage. The fanless, fill less cooling tower is
the most economical choice and has the lowest
maintenance cost among the different types of
cooling towers.
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Cross Flow Cooling Tower
The crossflow cooling water is best used for
industrial applications. In this type of open
circuit cooling tower, the air flows horizontally
through the fills while the water vertically
falls down. It is especially used in dirty water
applications like an oil refinery and chemical
process cooling where the water can get
contaminated with ammonia compound, sugar, oil,
fats, and other nutrients.
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Square / Rectangular Cooling Tower
  • The rectangular or square cooling tower is
    perhaps the most popular cooling tower. Like the
    round cooling tower, the square cooling tower
    also utilizes the counter flow-induced draft
    technology. Its heat transfer media are cross
    corrugated PVC film fills.
  • The construction material of the rectangular or
    square cooling tower is fiberglass reinforce
    plastics while its structural components are made
    with mild steel, hot-dipped galvanized. Some
    models have pultruded fiberglass structure and
    gear reducer direct-drive electric motor.
  • The rectangular or square cooling tower is
    available in a single cell and multi-cell. It can
    be used in various applications including light
    to medium and medium to heavy industrial
    processes, pharmaceutical plant, refrigeration,
    process cooling, HVAC, steel melting/heating
    furnace, power generation, chemical plant,
    plastic processing plant, and chemical plant.

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Field Erected Cooling Tower
  • Not all industrial and manufacturing plants can
    find the right standard designed cooling tower
    for their specific needs especially those with
    the poorest industrial ambiance. This is why
    there is this so-called field-erected cooling
    tower. This type of open circuit cooling tower is
    custom made. It is designed with pultruded
    fiberglass and is modeled using stainless steel
    for fasteners, pultruded FRP sections, fiberglass
    reinforced polyester (FRP) sheets for cladding,
    and other hardware.

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  • The field-erected cooling tower can be used both
    for old and new cooling tower projects. As
    compared to the traditional constructional
    materials like wood, concrete, and steel, the FRP
    offers more advantages. One of its remarkable
    advantages is its resistance. FRP is highly
    resistant to various elements, fire, temperature,
    corrosion due to acid, salt, and sand, as well as
    to the varying weather conditions. The material
    is also highly recyclable and can remain friendly
    to the surroundings even for years. This type of
    cooling water is perfect for high-temperature
    cooling water process applications since it can
    withstand high-temperature levels. It can also be
    utilized for all kinds of water regardless of
    whether it is clean or not like seawater,
    chemical water, and brackish water, to name a
    few.
  • There are indeed many types of cooling towers.
    While all of these types serve the same purpose,
    not all of them can suit your needs well. It is
    important to know what your industrial plants
    needs are first before you pick a specific type
    of cooling tower. Remember that the efficiency
    and efficacy of the cooling tower depend on
    whether you picked the right type or not.

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  • Tower Tech Cooling Systems Pvt. Ltd

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