How to Detect various types of cancers in the early stage to avoid cancer (1)

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• How to Detect various types of cancers in the
  early stage to avoid cancer

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• Worldwide each year on 4 February, researchers
  and key leaders in Cancer care community unite
  and celebrate World Cancer Day by raising
  awareness education about cancer, its
  avoidance, detection and treatment. With a number
  of moons hot missions undertaken by the
  researchers around the world, avoidance and cure
  for every cancer remain cryptic yet feasible.
• We understand that it is extremely difficult for
  patients to find and fight cancer. Information
  about cancer on the internet is too precise and
  not actionable for all. In an effort to overpass
  this gap I will be briefing the latest updates on
  cancer, its prevention, detection and cure.

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• What is cancer and why does it grow?
• We call it cancer when the cells multiply and
  spiral way ahead of control, mostly spurred by a
  mutation (defect) in the genes. It can be
  inherited or triggered by substantial factors
  (hormones or inflammation, for example), or even
  environmental influences such as dangerous
  chemicals. More often than not, the interchange
  between our lifestyle choices and environmental
  factors determine our risk for cancer.

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• Early diagnosis generally increases the chances
  of successful treatment by focusing on detecting
  symptoms as early as possible. Some of the early
  evident signs of cancer include sores that fail
  to heal, persistent indigestion, constant
  hoarseness, abnormal bleeding, and lumps. The
  late-stage presentation is noticed commonly in
  people from lower possessions and vulnerable
  population. As a result, they are more parallel
  to poor likelihood of survival, higher costs,
  which causes unnecessary deaths and disability
  from cancer. Early detection and treatment are
  more appropriate for cancers of breast, cervix,
  mouth, larynx, colon and rectum and skin.

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• What is cancer screening?
• The process of identifying cancer before a person
  develops any symptoms is called cancer screening.
  Early detection of cancer or any atypical tissue
  can help in early treatment before cancer may
  develop and spread. However, one must remember
  that just getting a screening test doesnt always
  mean that a person is alleged to have cancer.
  Cancer screening gives a heads-up to receive
  best-in-class care in preventing and treating
  cancer.

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• There are different methods to screen cancers,
  some of which include
• Persons family and medical history A persons
  individual history including habits like smoking
  tobacco, alcohol consumption etc and family
  history of the presence of any type of cancer is
  taken.
• Physical examination Examination of the body
  to recognize general signs of health and the
  presence of any abnormalities like lumps.
• Laboratory tests Investigations in which tests
  are performed on samples of body tissue, blood,
  urine, and other fluids of the body.
• Imaging tests Investigations like X-ray, MRI
  etc of areas inside the body to identify any
  abnormalities.
• Genetic tests Medical tests to identify the
  presence of any mutations/irregular genes that
  may be connected to some types of cancer.

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• MOUTH CANCER
• Early finding of oral cancer is vital in
  countries like India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan
  Bangladesh. Tobacco (both chewed and smoked),
  betel nut (paan masala) alcohol along with poor
  dental hygiene are the top risk factors for this
  aggressive cancer.
• Look out for difficulty and pain in swallowing,
  pain in the mouth or pain/lump in the neck. Since
  there is no helpful screening program to catch it
  early, watch out for tell-tale signs like a
  mouth-ulcer that doesnt cure in over three weeks
  or a white/red patch inside the mouth or lips,
  especially if you use tobacco or drink heavily.

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• Diagnosis No single oral exam or oral cancer
  screening test is confirmed to reduce the risk of
  dying of oral cancer. Still, you and your dentist
  may choose that an oral exam or a special test is
  right for you based on your risk factors.
• Rx Surgery is the most important treatment
  modality. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are
  adjuncts. Modern oncoplastic and reconstructive
  surgery can restore the smile.

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• COLORECTAL CANCER
• Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently
  diagnosed cancer. Both men and women have an
  normal risk of 4.5 and it increases in their 40s
  50s. Almost 71 of cases arise in the colon and
  29 in the rectum.
• Look out for continual abdominal discomfort,
  rectal bleeding, weakness or fatigue, and a
  transform in bowel habits such as diarrhea,
  change in nature of stools.

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• Diagnosis Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are
  useful in colorectal cancer screening. Fecal
  Immunochemical Test (FIT), Fecal Occult Blood
  Test (FOBT) are other tests that demonstrate
  reduced deaths due to colorectal cancer from
  biennial screening.
• Rx Treatment of colorectal cancer is
  multidisciplinary and includes surgery,
  chemotherapy and HIPEC. Other treatment options
  comprise of immuno-oncology, biological therapy,
  liver-directed therapy, radiation therapy.

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• BREAST CANCER
• The incidence of breast cancer is on the mount
  and is the most common cancer in women. However,
  it is one of the curable cancers if detected
  early. When detected and treated in Stage I, 9
  out of 10 women survive breast cancer and live a
  cancer-free life.
• Breast cancer is categorized depending on the
  tumor size, grade (how fast the tumor is likely
  to develop) and stage (how far the tumor has
  increased). You can know for breast cancer
  yourself by doing breast self-examination (BSE)
  regularly after age 20. Mammography is advised
  for screening after ages 40 or 50, depending on
  risk factors.

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• Look out for any changes such as redness,
  discharge and feel for lumps. Follow BSE with an
  evaluation by an oncologist every few years up to
  age 50. If you have a family history of breast
  cancer, you may need more frequent monitoring.
• Diagnosis Doctor-performed physical examination
  to look for any abnormality, followed by
  ultrasound, mammography and FNAC (fine-needle
  aspiration cytology, a diagnostic procedure) is
  used to confirm malignancy. All breast cancers
  are not the same. There are about 20 different
  types, each of which behaves differently. So
  receptor tests (such as estrogen receptor assay
  test, progesterone receptor assay test, HER2
  assay test) are also done as part of the
  diagnostic process to ascertain the type of
  cancer and choose the most effective medication.

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