Mental Illness Types, Risk Factors, and Treatment

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MIND VER MATTER THE ANATOMY OF MENTAL
ILLNESSES Mental health is important at all
stages in life. It affects how we act, think,
and feel and is comprised of psychological,
social, and emotional well-being. In this
infographic, we perform a post-mortem on mental
illnesses, the common types, the diagnosis,
treatment, and more.
MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Abnormal brain development or damage Examples
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD), Autism spectrum disorder, and learning
disorders.
Paranoia, delusions, and hallucinations Example
Schizophrenia
BIPOLAR AND RELATED DISORDERS
DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS
ELIMINATION DISORDERS
SLEEP-WAKE DISORDERS
Excessive excitement and depression. Alternating
periods of mania. Example Mania and hypomania
Emotional feelings of sadness and happiness
Examples Depressive and premenstrual dysphoric
disorders
Inappropriate elimination of stool and urine
accidental or on purpose Example Bedwetting
(enuresis)
Sleep disorders that require clinical attention
Examples Insomnia, restless legs syndrome,
sleep apnea
GENDER DYSPHORIA
DISRUPTIVE, IMPULSE-CONTROL AND CONDUCT DISORDERS
ANXIETY DISORDERS
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS
Distress attached to a person's desire to be
another gender Example Preference to
dress, develop mannerisms, grow, and live as the
opposite gender
Behavioural self-control and emotional problems
Examples Intermittent explosive disorder or
Kleptomania
Its an umbrella term for different types of
conditions Examples Anxiety disorder, phobias,
and panic disorder
Repetitive thoughts and actions, preoccupations,
obsessions Examples Obsessive-compulsive
disorder (OCD), trichotillomania
SUBSTANCE-RELATED AND ADDICTIVE DISORDERS
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDERS
TRAUMA AND STRESSOR-RELATED DISORDERS
DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
Risk of psychological and physiological harm due
to misuse of drugs and alcohol Example Alcohol,
caffeine, tobacco and drug abuse. Also includes
gambling disorder
Inability to think and reason. Examples
Delirium, and disorders caused by or Alzheimer's
disease or traumatic brain injury.
Adjustment disorders, trouble coping after or
during a stressful life event Examples
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute
stress disorder
Escape from reality and detachment from memory,
thoughts, consciousness, and identity. Examples
Disrup
PERSONALITY DISORDERS
PARAPHILIC DISORDERS
SOMATIC SYMPTOM AND RELATED DISORDERS
FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS
Unhealthy behaviour, emotional instability gt
Hamper life and relationships. Examples
Borderline personality and antisocial
personality disorders.
Sexual interest -gt causes distress -gt leads to
actual or potential harm to another
person. Examples Sexual sadism, pedophilic
disorder, and voyeuristic disorder.
Physical symptoms with no clear medical cause,
associated with significant impairment and
distress Examples Somatic Symptom Disorder (
hypochondriasis) and factitious disorder
Disturbances associated with eating Examples
Binge-eating disorder and Anorexia nervosa
ADDITIONAL
INHERITED TRAITS
RISK FACTORS In general, mental illnesses
understood to be caused by Developmental
Genetic factors.
Heritable mental illnesses Risk factor Genes
COMPLICATIONS
DEVELOPMENTAL
Exposure to toxins at a developmental stage.
Risk factor Exposure to alcohol, drugs, viruses,
toxins, while in the womb
Untreated mental illness causes disability,
severe emotional, physical, behavioural and
health problems. Also causes legal and financial
problems.
BRAIN CHEMISTRY
Chemical changes in the brain. Risk factor
Biochemical changes in the brain, brain
chemicals (neurotransmitters), and hormonal
imbalances
Weakened immunity Unhappiness, relationship
difficulties, family conflicts, poverty and
homelessness Social isolation problems Alcohol,
tobacco, and drug abuse Problems related to work
or school Suicidal/Homicidal thoughts Other
medical conditions including heart disease
SYMPTOMS
Feeling down or sad Reduced ability to
concentrate or confused thinking Extreme feeling
of guilt, excessive worries or fears Extreme
high and low mood swings Withdrawal from
activities and friends Low energy, problems
sleeping, significant tiredness Delusions,
hallucinations, and paranoia Inability to cope
with stress or daily problems Trouble relating
to/understanding situations/people Alcohol or
drug abuse Significant changes in eating habits
and sex drive Excessive hostility, violence,
anger Suicidal thoughts Physical problems
headache, stomach pain, back pain
TREATMENT
MEDICATIONS
PSYCHOTHERAPY
Recommended when Condition, feelings, moods,
behaviour and thoughts are to assessed.
Antidepressants For anxiety, and
depression Recommended when Patient exhibits
anxiety, depression, sadness, hopelessness,
difficulty concentrating, lack of energy,
disinterest in activities.
Comprised of Stress management skills, talk
therapy with a mental health provider.
Anti-anxiety medications For panics and
generalized anxiety disorder. Recommended when
Patient exhibits panics and generalized anxiety
disorder.
BRAIN-STIMULATION TREATMENTS
Mood-stabilizing medications
Recommended when medications and psychotherapy
fail.
For bipolar disorder with alternating episodes of
mania and depression. Recommended when Patient
exhibits bipolar disorder with alternating
episodes of mania and depression.
Comprised of transcranial magnetic stimulation,
electroconvulsive therapy, vagus nerve
stimulation, deep brain stimulation.
Make sure you understand all the risks and
benefits of any recommended treatment.
Antipsychotic medications For schizophrenia,
bipolar disorders and depression. Recommended
when Patient exhibits psychotic disorders like
schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and depression.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT
RESIDENTIAL AND HOSPITAL TREATMENT PROGRAMS
Recommended when Drugs, alcohol, and tobacco
interferes with treatment and worsens mental
illness.
Comprised of Medications (for withdrawal/stem
cravings) Inpatient treatment (withdrawal/detox
programme) Outpatient treatment programs Support
groups (eg., Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.))
Recommended when mental illness severe (cant
care for yourself, danger of harming
oneself/someone)
Comprised of Partial or day hospitalization,
residential treatment, 24-hour inpatient care,
intensive outpatient treatment.
STAY ACTIVE-EXERCISE REGULARLY
AVOID ALCOHOL/ DRUG/TOBACCO
DETERMINE PRIORITIES/GOALS
STICK TO TREATMENT PLAN
STAY POSITIVE, ACCEPT CHANGES
SELFCARE
Self-treatment doesnt work in most cases.
Requires professional help.
TAKE BIG DECISIONS WHEN SYMPTOMS SEVERE
SKIP MEDICATION
SKIP THERAPY SESSIONS
IGNORE YOUR TREATING DOCTOR
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