Kingdom animalia

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WPS OFFICEPresentation

• Presented by - Arshan Ali Khan

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KINGDOM ANIMALIA
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CHARACTERISTICS

• EUKARYOTIC
• MULTICELLULAR
• HETEROTROPHIC (by ingestion)
• MOVE AT SOME POINT IN LIFE
• DIGEST FOOD TO GET NUTRIENTS
• LACK CELL WALLS

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TRENDS IN ANIMAL EVOLUTION

• CELL SPECIALIZATION
• CEPHALIZATION
• EARLY DEVELOPMENT
• BODY SYMMETRY
• BODY CAVITY FORMATION

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CELL SPECIALIZATION

• CELLS FORM TISSUES
• EPITHELIAL (skin, lining of cavities)
• CONNECTIVE (bone, blood)
• MUSCULAR (heart, biceps)
• NERVOUS (brain, nerves)

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CEPHALIZATION

• CONCENTRATION OF SENSE ORGANS AND NERVE CELLS AT
  FRONT END OF BODY

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EARLY DEVELOPMENT

• FERTILIZATION FORMS A ZYGOTE
• BLASTULA (hollow ball of cells)
• GASTRULA (stage when layers that produce adult
  tissues form)
• GERM LAYER FORMATION

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GERM LAYERS

• ECTODERM
• ENDODERM
• MESODERM

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GERM LAYERS

• ECTODERM
• Covers surface of embryo
• Forms outer covering CNS
• ENDODERM
• Innermost germ layer
• Forms lining of digestive tract, liver, lungs
• MESODERM
• Located b/w ectoderm endoderm
• Forms muscles most organs
  

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2 TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT

• PROTOSTOMES
• mouth forms from the opening (blastopore) of the
  gastrula

• DEUTEROSTOMES
• anus forms from the opening (blastopore) of the
  gastrula during development

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BODY SYMMETRY

• Animals body plans are adapted for how they get
  their food
• they may be motile (move) or sessile (dont move)

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3 TYPES OF BODY SYMMETRY

• Asymmetrical-no symmetry (ex, sponge) Bilat
  eral- body plan in which single line can
  divide body into 2 equal parts
• Radial-body plan in which body parts repeat
  around center of body

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ANATOMICAL TERMS

• Dorsal- top or back
• Ventral- bottom
• Anterior- head end that goes first
• Posterior- tail end that follows
• Lateral- along the side (lengthwise)

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ANATOMICAL TERMS

• Dorsal
• Anterior Posterior
• Ventral

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BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

• ACOELOMATE- no body cavity b/w digestive tract
  and outer body wall
• ex. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

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BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

• PSEUDOCOELOMATE- slight body cavity between the
  mesoderm and endoderm
• Ex. Nematoda (roundworms)

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BODY PLANS OR BODY CAVITY FORMATION

• COELOMATE- body cavity forms and cushions organs,
  allows for growth of organs.
• Ex. Annelids (earthworm)

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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• HERBIVORES- eat vegetation such as plants

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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• CARNIVORES- eat other animals

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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• OMNIVORES- feed on both vegetation other animals

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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• FILTER FEEDERS- feed by straining tiny floating
  plants.

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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• DETRITUS FEEDERS- feed on tiny bits of decaying
  matter

Sea Cucumber
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FEEDING HETEROTROPHS

• PARASITES- feed on living organisms usually
  destroying or injuring the host organism

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2 MAIN GROUPINGS OF ANIMALS

• INVERTEBRATES
• 95 of animal species
• No backbone

• VERTEBRATES
• 5 of animal species
• Contains backbone

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ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF ANIMALS

• FEEDING
• RESPIRATION
• CIRCULATION
• EXCRETION
• RESPONSE
• MOVEMENT
• REPRODUCTION

SEE PAGES 658-659.
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• VARIOUS ANIMAL FUNCTIONS HELP MAINTAIN
  HOMEOSTASIS OFTEN BY USING FEEDBACK MECHANISMS
  INCLUDING FEEDBACK INHIBITION
• EXAMPLE DOGS GET HOT RUNNING, NERVOUS SYSTEM
  TRIGGERS PANTING. PANTING REDUCES BODY
  TEMPERATURE SO PANTING STOPS.