Types of water meters explained

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Types of Water Meters Explained
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• Among the types of water meters are those that
  differ in the method used to measure water
  volume, and the flow control and measurement
  devices in the water meter itself. Learn more
  about the 4 most common types of water meters
  below.

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Type 1 - Displacement Water Meters

• Displacement water meters measure how much water
  occupies a given space over a preset time. The
  water flow displaces the measuring device
  according to the volume of water in either
  gallons or cubic feet that passes through the
  meter. A piston or a mutating disk controls the
  movement of a magnet that activates the water
  volume register.

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Type 2 - Positive Displacement Meters

• Positive displacement meters or PD meters are the
  most common water meters for homes and small
  businesses. They can measure small volumes of
  water at low flow rates to a high degree of
  accuracy. The water pipes in displacement water
  meters range from as small as 5/8 inch up to 2
  inches in diameter. A displacement meter is made
  of brass, high-impact plastic and stainless
  steel. 

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• The measurement register consists of a clear
  plastic bubble over the odometer-type or LCD
  display gauge. For measurements of less than 1/10
  of a gallon, a sweep hand is also used on the
  measurement register. These meters can also be
  installed in separate units of a condominium or
  apartment to track individual water usage.

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Type 3 - Velocity Meters

• The speed at which the water moves is measured by
  velocity water meters. The velocity through the
  meter's specific volume is measured and converted
  to units of volume, either gallons or cubic feet.
  These meters can be calibrated to adjust the
  accuracy of their measurement.

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Types of Velocity-Based Water Meters

• Single and Multiple-Jet Water Meters
• Single and multiple-jet water meters use velocity
  to measure water volume. The water flow turns an
  impeller which rotates at a known speed compared
  to the water speed. These meters have internal
  strainer grids to prevent the jets from clogging
  with particles in the water. They are used for
  low-volume applications as the impellers cannot
  withstand high flow rates.

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• 2. Turbine Water Meters
• Turbine meters are used for water pipe diameters
  up to 12 inches across. They are used for
  high-volume commercial sites such as factories
  and large office complexes, and as control meters
  for sections of a town or city. Fire hydrant
  water meters are also of this type.

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• 3. Compound Water Meters
• In circumstances where water flow can vary from
  high velocity to low, a compound meter can
  accurately measure water usage. These have two
  measuring components and a valve to control the
  flow rate to each. The turbine meter handles high
  flow rates and a multi-jet meter gauges the
  lowest flow. The utility reader adds the totals
  indicated on both meters to determine total water
  usage.

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• 4. Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Meters
• A pair of electromagnets can measure water flow
  in or out of the system in a "mag meter", based
  on fluid induction principles. Ultrasonic meters
  send sound waves through water to measure its
  speed, and derive a water volume reading. These
  are used in large-volume applications and for
  fluids other than water.

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