Food poisoning : Overview, causes, symptoms, risk factor,diagnosis and treatment (1)

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Food poisoning
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Food poisoning

• Food borne illness, also known as food
  poisoning, is the result of eating contaminated,
  spoiled, or toxic food.
• Any infectious organisms, including bacteria,
  viruses and parasites, or their toxins are the
  most common causes of food poisoning.
• Contamination can also occur at home during
  cooking or if left uncovered or not properly
  handled.

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Symptoms

• Symptoms of food poisoning
• Certain mild symptoms can include
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Watery diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Fever
• Such symptoms usually get treated with time and
  with healthy diet, but in case such serious
  symptoms, patient must show a doctor
• Frequent episodes of vomiting and inability to
  keep any food
• Diarrhoea for more than three days
• Extreme pain or severe abdominal cramping
• High fever may be higher than 101.5 F (38.6 C)
• Dehydration
• Blurry vision, muscle weakness, tingling in the
  arms etc

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Diagnosis of food poisoning

• Diagnosis can be done by knowing the symptoms
  and knowing about what the patient has eaten
  which has lead to food poisoning. But certain
  test can be done such as
• Blood test- To determine the cause of poisoning
  may be virus or bacteria
• Stool test- to identify any infectious organism
  in the stool.

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Causes of food poisoning

• Most of the food poisoning is caused by
• Bacteria- it is most prevalent cause of food
  poisoning. Among them, dangerous bacteria like
  E.coli, listeria and salmonella may be the
  reason. Salmonella are the most dangerous one to
  cause serious food poisoning.
• Parasites- It is not so common as that of
  bacteria. Toxoplasma is the most often cause of
  food poisoning.
• Viruses- They are also the higher reason for food
  poisoning. Norovirus, Sapoviru or Astrovirus and
  the viruses who can cause the poisoning.
  Hepatitis A can be transmitted through food which
  can cause serious illness.
• Sometimes pathogens can also be the reason for
  food poisoning if the food in undercooked or
  eaten raw.

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Risk factors of food poisoning

• Food poisoning can occur to every individual,
  but in case of a person to lower immunity, food
  poisoning can be frequent to them. Such as
• Older adults- As getting older, the immune
  system get compromised and may not respond as
  quickly and as effectively to infectious
  organisms as to younger people.
• Pregnant women-During pregnancy, changes in
  metabolism and circulation may increase the risk
  of food poisoning.
• Infants and young children- As their immune
  systems are not fully developed, they can be more
  prone to food poisoning.
• People with chronic disease. Having a chronic
  condition People with certain diseases such as
  AIDS, liver disease or undergoing chemotherapy or
  other therapy may be more risked to food
  poisoning.

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Treatment

• Treatment of food poisoning
• Mostly food poisoning can be treated without any
  treatment, and by staying in a healthy diet.
• Diet to have during food poisoning
• saltine crackers
• gelatine
• bananas
• rice
• oatmeal
• chicken broth
• bland potatoes

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Treatment
Continue

• boiled vegetables
• toast
• diluted fruit juices
• sport drinks
• Caffeine should be avoided as it can irritate the
  digestive tract
• Certain over the counter medicines such as
  Imodium and Pepto-Bismol may be given to control
  diarrhoea and nausea
• Intravenous fluids must be taken to control
  dehydration.

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