Polycystic kidney disease : Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complication and Treatment (1)

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Polycystic Kidney Disease
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Polycystic Kidney Disease

• Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)  is an
  inherited kidney disease. It is denoted by cysts
  formation in the kidney and enlargement of the
  kidney.
• It is the 4th leading cause of kidney failure
• It can also cause developing cysts in the liver
  and other complication
• It impairs kidney function and eventually lead to
  kidney damage and failure

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Symptoms

• Symptoms of polycystic kidney disease
• Certain symptoms of polycystic kidney disease
  may include
• Blood in urine
• Frequent urination
• Pain in the abdomen and back
• Slight feeling of heaviness in the back
• Kidney stones
• Pale skin colour
• Skin that bruises easily
• Joint pain
• Nail abnormalities
• Fatigue
• Urinary tract infections

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Causes of Polycystic Kidney Disease

• The cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease is mostly
  inherited, But less commonly, it can occur in
  person who can previously any kidney diseases.
• There are three types of Polycystic Kidney
  Disease
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease -
  Also called adult polycystic kidney disease and
  account for 90 of cases. Someone who has a
  parent with polycystic kidney disease has 50
  chance of developing such condition
• Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease -
  It is a much less common type of polycystic
  kidney disease. Here, both the parent should have
  polycystic kidney disease to develop polycystic
  kidney disease for children. The person will have
  no symptom for polycystic kidney disease if one
  gene is present.
• Acquired cystic kidney disease- It is not
  inherited and usually occurs in life. It may
  develop to patients who have other kidney
  problems.

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Diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease

• A family history and knowing the symptoms can
  help the doctor to diagnose polycystic kidney
  disease. Certain diagnose techniques may include
• Abdominal ultrasound- Imaging technique to look
  for the cysts in kidney
• Abdominal CT scan- Imaging technique which can
  detect small cysts in the kidney
• Abdominal MRI scan- Technique which visualize
  kidney structures and look for cysts
• Intravenous pyleogram- Contrast dye which is used
  to look for blood vessels more clearly in X-ray.

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Treatment

• Treatments of polycystic kidney disease
• Some treatments can be used to decrease certain
  symptoms, which may include
• Pain medication to decrease pain I abdomen and
  back
• Blood pressure medication to decrease blood
  pressure
• Antibiotics which will treat urinary tract
  infection (UTI)
• A low sodium diet
• Surgery to cut cysts and can relieve symptoms
• Diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the
  body.

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Complications of polycystic kidney disease

• Certain complications can occur due to
  polycystic kidney disease, such as
• Cysts in liver, pancreas and testicles
• Cataracts and blindness
• Liver failure
• Kidney stones
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Bleeding and bursting of cysts
• Brain or aortic aneurysms
• Anaemia

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