cardiac valve stenosis : Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment and Diagnosis

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Cardiac Valve Stenosis
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Cardiac Valve Stenosis

• Stenosis  is the term for a valve that doesn't
  open properly. The flaps of a valve thicken,
  stiffen, or fuse together. As a result, the valve
  can't completely open. Thus, the heart has to
  work harder to pump blood through the valve, and
  the body may suffer from a reduced supply of
  oxygen.

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Symptoms of cardiac valve stenosis

• Aortic stenosis Certain symptoms for aortic
  stenosis may include
• Chest pain or pressure (angina). Feeling heavy,
  tight feeling in the heart.
• Feeling dizzy or faint.
• Feeling tired and being short of breath.
• A feeling that heart is pounding, racing, or
  beating unevenly (palpitations).
• Tricuspid stenosis Certain symptoms may include
• Tired and lethargic
• Fragility
• A quivering feeling in the neck
• A rapid, irregular heartbeat called a
  palpitation, or both.
• Pain in the upper right part of the abdomen which
  may be caused by an enlarged, congested liver.

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Symptoms of cardiac valve stenosis
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• Pulmonary stenosis Certain symptoms may include
• Shortness of breath (dyspnea)
• Chest pain (angina)
• Fainting (syncope)
• Cyanosis (blueness)
• Mitral stenosis Certain symptoms may include
• Cough, with or without blood
• Chest pain, or chest discomfort
• Fatigue
• Swelling in ankles and/or feet
• Respiratory infections
• Plum-colored cheeks

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Types of stenosis may include

• Aortic stenosis Aortic valve stenosis is the
  narrowing of the aortic valve. The aortic valve
  allows blood to flow from the heart's lower left
  chamber (ventricle) into the aorta and to the
  body. Stenosis keeps the valve from opening
  appropriately, forcing the heart to work harder
  to pump blood through the valve. This causes
  pressure to build up in the left ventricle and
  thickens the heart muscle.
• Tricuspid stenosis Tricuspid stenosis is a
  narrowing of the tricuspid valve opening.
  Tricuspid stenosis confines blood flow between
  the upper and lower part of the right side of the
  heart, or from the right atrium (higher right
  chamber) to the right ventricle (higher left
  chamber).
• Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis is a
  condition caused by a narrowing of the pulmonary
  valve opening. Pulmonary stenosis restricts blood
  flow from the lower right chamber (right
  ventricle) to the pulmonary arteries, which
  delivers blood to the lungs.
• Mitral stenosis Mitral stenosis is a narrowing
  of the mitral valve opening. Mitral stenosis
  restricts blood flow from the left atrium (lower
  right chamber) to the left ventricle (lower left
  chamber).

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Causes of different stenosis

• Aortic stenosis There may be certain causes,
  which include
• Calcium buildup on the aortic valve. With
  increasing age, calcium can build up on the
  valve, making it hard and thick. This buildup
  happens over time, so symptoms usually don't
  appear until after age 65.
• A heart defect a person is born with
  (congenital).
• Rheumatic fever or endocarditis, These infections
  can damage the valve.
• Tricuspid stenosis This stenosis can be caused
  by
• It mostly develop due to rheumatic fever in
  childhood, which is caused by streptococcus
  bacteria
• The second rare case may be due to tumour or
  connective tissue disease
• And there may be person born with a heart defect
  (congenital)

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Causes of different stenosis
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• Pulmonary stenosis Pulmonary stenosis can be
  developed due to
• It is most commonly result of congenital birth
  defect (present from birth).
• Certain infections can cause it in adult, which
  include rheaumatic fever and carcinoid tumours.
• Mitral stenosis There may be some causes which
  include
• It mostly develop due to rheumatic fever in
  childhood, which is caused by streptococcus
  bacteria
• The other rare cause may involve calcium buildup
  in the valve.
• Other causes may include tumours, blood clot,
  radiation treatment, and congenital heart
  diseases.

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Treatments

• Treatments of cardiac valve stenosis
• Aortic stenosis Treatments may include
• Monitoring In case of mild stenosis, doctors
  might advise to have regular heart check-ups, so
  if the stenosis becomes severe it can be traced.
• Medications No medications can release blockage
  in stenosis, but there may be some medicines
  which can give relieve to different symptoms such
  as fast heart beat, chest pain etc.
• Surgery In case of severe stenosis, surgery may
  be the final option. Replacement of the aortic
  valve may be the option to release a person from
  stenosis.
• Tricuspid stenosis Treatments may include
• Monitoring In case of mild stenosis, doctors
  might advise to have regular heart check-ups, so
  if the stenosis becomes severe it can be traced.
• Medications No medications can release blockage
  in stenosis, but there may be some medicines
  which can give relieve to different symptoms such
  as fast heart beat, chest pain etc.
• Surgery In case of severe stenosis, surgery may
  be the final option. Replacement of the damaged
  valve with biological or mechanical devices may
  be the option to release a person from stenosis.

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Treatments
Continue

• Pulmonary stenosis Treatments may include
• Monitoring In case of mild stenosis, doctors
  might advise to have regular heart check-ups, so
  if the stenosis becomes severe it can be traced.
• Medications No medications can release blockage
  in stenosis, but there may be some medicines
  which can give relieve to different symptoms such
  as fast heart beat, chest pain etc.
• Surgery In case of severe stenosis, surgery may
  be the final option. Surgical procedure known as
  a valvuloplasty can stretch the pulmonary valve's
  walls, enlarging it to improve blood flow. Or in
  some cases replacing the pulmonary valve may be
  the option to release a person from stenosis.
• Mitral stenosis Certain treatments may include
• Monitoring In case of mild stenosis, doctors
  might advise to have regular heart check-ups, so
  if the stenosis becomes severe it can be traced.
• Medications No medications can release blockage
  in stenosis, but there may be some medicines
  which can give relieve to different symptoms such
  as fast heart beat, chest pain etc.
• Surgery In case of severe stenosis, surgery may
  be the final option. Replacement of the existing
  mitral valves with new ones, or repairing the
  existing mitral valves may be the option to
  release a person from stenosis

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Diagnosis of cardiac valve stenosis

• Aortic stenosis Certain diagnosis tests may
  include
• Physical test which may e done to hear a heart
  murmur, click or heart sound using stethoscope.
• Stress test to follow the heart beat during
  exercise.
• Echocardiogram, which shows moving pictures of
  the heart
• Electrocardiogram, which measures the electric
  activity of the heart
• Left cardiac catheterization, passage of thin
  tube in the left side of the heart to diagnose
  and treat certain problems.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), which
  produces pictures of the heart.
• Tricuspid stenosis Certain diagnose may include
• Physical test which may e done to hear a heart
  murmur, click or heart sound using stethoscope.
• Stress test to follow the heart beat during
  exercise.
• Echocardiogram, which shows moving pictures of
  the heart
• Electrocardiogram, which measures the electric
  activity of the heart
• Cardiac catheterization, passage of thin tube
  inside the heart to diagnose and treat certain
  problems.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), which
  produces pictures of the heart

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Diagnosis of cardiac valve stenosis
Continue

• Tricuspid stenosis Certain diagnose may include
• Physical test which may e done to hear a heart
  murmur, click or heart sound using stethoscope.
• Stress test to follow the heart beat during
  exercise.
• Echocardiogram, which shows moving pictures of
  the heart
• Electrocardiogram, which measures the electric
  activity of the heart
• Cardiac catheterization, passage of thin tube
  inside the heart to diagnose and treat certain
  problems.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), which
  produces pictures of the heart
• Pulmonary stenosis Certain diagnose may include
• Physical test which may e done to hear a heart
  murmur, click or heart sound using stethoscope.
• Stress test to follow the heart beat during
  exercise.
• Chest X-ray
• Echocardiogram, which shows moving pictures of
  the heart
• Cardiac catheterization, passage of thin tube
  inside the heart to diagnose and treat certain
  problems.
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE), which
  produces pictures of the heart

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Diagnosis of cardiac valve stenosis
Continue

• Mitral stenosis Certain diagnose test may
  include
• Physical test which may e done to hear a heart
  murmur, click or heart sound using stethoscope.
• Stress test to follow the heart beat during
  exercise.
• Echocardiogram, which shows moving pictures of
  the heart
• Electrocardiogram, which measures the electric
  activity of the heart
• Cardiac catheterization, passage of thin tube
  inside the heart to diagnose and treat certain
  problems.

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