Angina Pectoris: Risk factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

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Angina Pectoris
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Angina Pectoris

• Angina pectoris is a medical condition resulting
  in chest pain or discomfort. Angina pectoris
  occurs when the heart is not getting enough blood
  supply. The oxygen rich blood is not able to
  reach the heart due to the buildup of plaque,
  which results in narrowing of coronary arteries.
  Lack of proper blood supply to the heart
  increases the risk of pain, heart attack, stroke,
  and other coronary artery diseases. However, the
  pain related to angina is temporary, but if left
  untreated can make serious heart
  complications inevitable. There are two types of
  angina pectoris Stable Angina- It occurs when
  a patient is involved in some kind of physical
  activity like exercise. During physical activity,
  the heart becomes overactive often leading to
  pain in the chest. Stable Angina is also known as
  chronic angina, as it follows a regular
  pattern. 

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Angina Pectoris
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• Unstable Angina- It can occur anytime, even when
  a person is resting. Unstable angina is less
  common than the stable angina, but can get worse
  over time and may lead to a heart attack. There
  is another type of rare Angina known as Variant
  angina, which occurs due to unusual narrowing
  down of blood vessels that supply blood to the
  heart. 

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Risk factors of Angina Pectoris 

• Patients with coronary artery disease  are at
  greater risk of angina. Some common risk factors
  of angina include
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• High level of bad cholesterol
• Obesity
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Smoking
• Physical inactivity
• Having a history of Cardiovascular disease
• Unhealthy work out
• Living in extreme hot or cold conditions

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Symptoms

• Pain and discomfort in the chest is a most
  common symptom of angina. A patient with angina
  pectoris may also feel squeezing of the chest,
  pressure, heaviness, tightening, and burning
  sensation around the chest. The pain during
  angina can spread up to neck, shoulder, and arms.
  The symptoms of stable angina last from a few
  seconds to 15 minutes. Some other symptoms of
  angina pectoris are
• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Anxiety
• Nausea
• Abnormal sweating
• Breathing problems
• Heartburn
• Indigestion

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Diagnosis of Angina Pectoris

• The doctor will a study the medical history of a
  patient and may perform a physical test, which
  will include checking of the patients blood
  pressure, heartbeat, and pulse. The doctor may
  also run tests to diagnose angina. Diagnostic
  tests for angina may include Angiography- Is
  an imaging technique that allows doctor to see
  the patients blood vessels. The angiography exam
  reveals which artery is affected.Electrocardiogr
  am- Determines the electrical activity of the
  heart and measures the rhythm of the
  heart. Blood tests- To measure the levels of
  cholesterol, fats, diabetes, and proteins.

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Treatments

• The goal of the angina pectoris treatment is to
  provide relief from the painful symptoms and to
  reduce the risks of heart attack. The treatment
  of angina includes medications, surgery, and
  lifestyle changes. 
• Medications The patient of angina pectoris is
  often prescribed with nitrates. Nitrates help in
  reducing the frequency of angina attacks by
  relaxing and widening blood vessels. A patient
  may also be, given beta-blockers, calcium channel
  blockers, anticoagulants, and high blood
  pressure medications. These medications lower the
  blood pressure, ease the chest discomfort, and
  prevent blood from clotting. 

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Treatments
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• Surgery If medicinal treatment is not giving
  desired results, surgical procedures are required
  to treat angina. The most common surgical
  procedure used for the treatment of angina is
  angioplasty, which is also known as stent
  procedure. The stent is permanently placed in the
  patients artery to prevent it from blockage. The
  stent keeps the passage open, allowing blood to
  flow easily.Lifestyle changes 
• Avoid smoking
• Controlling weight
• Controlling diabetes and cholesterol
• Rest
• Avoiding alcohol
• Healthy diet

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