Stomach (Gastric) Cancer: Overview of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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STOMACH (GASTRIC) CANCER

• SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

2
WHAT IS STOMACH CANCER ??

• Stomach cancer, also called gastric cancer,
  begins when cells on the inside lining of the
  stomach (adenocarcinoma) become abnormal and grow
  hysterically.
• Stomach cancers are classified according to the
  type of tissue from which they originate.
• The most common forms of stomach cancer include
  adenocarcinoma, lymphomas and sarcomas. 

3
CAUSES OF STOMACH CANCER ??

• The precise cause of stomach cancer is not clear,
  but various medical conditions can increase the
  risk, including
• Smoking
• Obesity
• A diet rich in smoked, pickled, or salty foods
• Stomach surgery for an ulcer
• Certain genes
• Working in coal, metal, timber, or rubber
  industries
• Stomach cancer is often seen in people over age
  55, and affects men more than women

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SYMPTOMS RELATED TO STOMACH CANCER

• Stomach cancer is usually not detected early
  because it often does not cause specific
  symptoms. However, when they do occur, they may
  include 
• Indigestion or heartburn
• Pain or discomfort in the abdomen
• Nausea and vomiting, particularly vomiting up
  solid food shortly after eating
• Diarrhea or constipation
• Bloating of the stomach after meals

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CONTINUE SYMPTOMS RELATED TO STOMACH CANCER

• Loss of appetite
• Sensation of food getting stuck in the throat
  while eating
• Weakness and fatigue
• Vomiting blood or having blood in the stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Trouble swallowing
• Gastric adenomas
• Helicobacter pylori infection
• Tobacco smoking

6
TESTS AND DIAGNOSIS FOR STOMACH CANCER

• Blood tests to look for disease-causing
  substances in the blood and complete blood
  count to determine the number of red blood cells.
• X-rays of the esophagus and stomach which helps
  the doctor find tumors or other abnormal areas.
• Fecal occult blood test to look for blood in the
  stool
• Gastroscopy test examines the esophagus and
  stomach using a thin, lighted instrument called a
  gastroscope, which is passed through the mouth
  down to the stomach. This helps the doctor look
  at the inside of the stomach.
• CT scans, MRI are also performed that provide
  detailed images of the organs.

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TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR STOMACH CANCER 

• Surgery The aim of the surgery is to remove all
  of the stomach cancer and some healthy tissues,
  when possible. Options include A.Removing
  early-stage tumors from the stomach
  lining B.Removing a portion of the stomach known
  as subtotal gastrectomy C.Removing the entire
  stomach known as total gastrectomy D.Removing
  lymph nodes to look for cancer e.Surgery to
  relieve signs and symptoms
• Radiation therapy Radiation therapy can be used
  before surgery to shrink a stomach tumor so that
  it's easily removed. The therapy uses
  high-powered beams of energy, such as X-rays, to
  execute cancer cells.

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TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR STOMACH CANCER 

• Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a drug treatment
  that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. It can
  be given before surgery to help shrink a tumor
  for easy removal. Chemotherapy is often used in
  combination with radiation therapy.
• Targeted therapy This type of therapy uses drugs
  that attack specific irregularities within cancer
  cells.

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