Ventricular Septal Defect Surgery In India

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What is Ventricular Septal Defect?
Ventricular Septal defect is a hole (defect) in
the wall that separates the lower chambers of the
heart. The lower chambers of the heart are called
the ventricles. The wall between them is called
the ventricular septum. In the normal heart, the
septum prevents blood from flowing directly from
one ventricle to the other. In a heart with a
VSD, blood can flow directly between the two
ventricles. VSD is a congenital (present at
birth) heart defect. As the fetus is growing,
something occurs to affect heart development
during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, resulting
in a VSD..

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• Some terms to remember re Congenital Heart
• Atrioventricular Septal Defect (AVSD) -
  This includes an Atrial Septal Defect,Ventricular
  Septal Defect and abnormal development of the
  atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral).
  This causes blood to flow abnormally inside the
  heart. An AVSD is also known as an
  atrioventricular canal defect.
• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - This is a hole
  in the wall that separates the upper chambers
  (atria) of the heart. This causes blood to leak
  from one atrium to the other.
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) - In this
  condition there is a persistent connection
  between the aorta and the pulmonary artery. This
  connection is called the ductus arteriosus and is
  normally present before birth. In most babies,
  the vessel closes within a few hours to days
  after birth. In some children, this vessel fails
  to close.
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What are the types of Ventricular Septal Defects?
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• Ventricular Septal Defect can be divided in to 3
  types
• Size of the Ventricular Septal Defect
• o Small Ventricular Septal Defect
• o Moderate (or medium-sized) Ventricular
  Septal Defect
• o Large Ventricular Septal Defect
• Location of the Ventricular Septal Defect
• o Membranous Ventricular Septal Defect are
  located near the heart valves.
• o Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect are
  found in the lower part of the septum
• o Inlet Ventricular Septal Defect are
  located close to where blood enters the heart.
• o Outlet Ventricular Septal Defect are found
  in the part of the ventricle where the blood
  leaves the heart

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What are the Symptoms of Ventricular Septal
Defect?
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• The following are the most common symptoms of
  VSD. However, each patient may experience
  symptoms differently. Symptoms may include
• fatigue
• sweating
• rapid breathing
• heavy breathing
• congested breathing
• disinterest in feeding, or tiring while feeding
• poor weight gain
• The symptoms of VSD may resemble other medical
  conditions or heart problems.
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How is Ventricular Septal Defect Surgery
Performed?
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• The child is placed on a heart/lung bypass
  machine during surgery.
• The heart is stopped, and the heart/lung machine
  takes over for the heart, pumping red blood
  throughout the body.
• The heart/lung machine also brings oxygen-poor
  blood back to the machine where it picks up
  oxygen.
• The surgeon uses a special patch or stitches to
  close the VSD.
• The surgeon puts the patch over the VSD and sews
  it into place.
• Once the repair is completed, the heart is
  restarted.
• The child is taken off the heart/lung bypass
  machine.
• The surgeon closes the skin incision.
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