BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com

1
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
2
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Entire Course(NEW) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 1
Language BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 2 Probability BUS 308
Week 1 Quiz BUS 308 Week 1 Problem Set BUS 308
Week 1 Quiz (New) BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 1
Hypotheses BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 2 Variation BUS 308
Week 2 Quiz BUS 308 Week 2 Quiz (New)
3
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 1 Language FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
1-1/Language Numbers and measurements are the
language of business. Organizations look at
results in many ways expenses, quality levels,
efficiencies, time, costs, etc. What measures
does your department keep track of? Are they
descriptive or inferential data, and what is the
difference between these?(Note If you do not
have a job where measures are available to you,
ask someone you know for some examples, or
conduct outside research on an interest of yours,
or use personal measures.)
4
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 2 Probability FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Things vary in life
virtually nothing (except physical standards such
as the speed of light) we interact with is
constant over time. Much of this variation
follows somewhat predictable patterns that can be
examined using probability. An example of a
subjective probability is Cops usually do not
patrol this road, so I can get away with
speeding. An empirical probability example is
Each production run has a 5 reject rate. A
classical (or theoretical) probability example
is This die has six sides, so I should see the
number 2 come up 1/6th of the time. What are
some examples of probability outcomes in your
work or life? How would looking at them in terms
of probabilities help us understand what is going
on? How does the normal curve relate to
activities/things you are associated with?
5
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 1 Problem Set FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. For assistance
with these calculations, see the Recommended
Resources for Week One. Measurement issues. Data,
even numerically code variables, can be one of 4
levels nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio. It
is important to identify which level a variable
is, as this impacts the kind of analysis we can
do with the data. For example, descriptive
statistics such as means can only be done on
interval or ratio level data. Please list, under
each label, the variables in our data set that
belong in each group.. 2. The first step
in analyzing data sets is to find some summary
descriptive statistics for key variables. For
salary, compa, age, Performance Rating, and
Service find the mean and standard deviation for
3 groups overall sample, Females, and Males. You
can use either the Data Analysis Descriptive
Statistics tool or the Fx average and stdev
functions. Note Place data to the right, if you
use Descriptive statistics, place that to the
right as well
6
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 1 Quiz (New) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
In statistical notation, M is to µ as s is to
s. Question 2. Question A parameter
refers to a sample characteristic. Question 3.
Question Data on the city from which
members of a board of directors come represent
interval data. Question 4. Question
In a frequency distribution such as a bell-shaped
curve, what does the vertical height of the curve
indicate? Question 5. Question The z
transformation makes data normal. Question 6.
Question Data on the ages of customers
are ratio scale data. Question 7. Question
A probability is found by dividing the
number of possible outcomes (o) by the number of
successes o/e.
7
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 1 Quiz FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
Data on the city from which members of a board of
directors come represent interval data. 2.
Question Inferential statistics infer
the characteristics of samples. 3.
Question The mode is which of the
following? 4. Question The
standard error of the mean can be calculated by
dividing µ by the square root of the number of
values in the distribution. 5. Question
If a certifying agency raises the
requirements for real estate agents, what sort of
decision error is the agency protecting against?
6. Question Which of the following
defines statistical significance? 7.
Question In a frequency distribution such
as a bell-shaped curve, what does the vertical
height of the curve indicate?
8
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 1 Hypotheses FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
2-1/Hypotheses What is a hypothesis test? Why do
we need to use them to make decisions about
relating sample results to the population why
cant we just make our decisions by the sample
value?
9
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 2 Variation FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Variation exists in
virtually all parts of our lives. We often see
variation in results in what we spend (utility
costs each month, food costs, business supplies,
etc.). Consider the measures and data you use (in
either your personal or job activities). When are
differences (between one time period and another,
between different production lines, etc.) between
average or actual results important? How can you
or your department decide whether or not the
observed differences over time are important? How
could using a mean difference test help?
10
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 2 Problem Set FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com Problem Set Week
Two Complete the problems below and submit your
work in an Excel document. Be sure to show all of
your work and clearly label all calculations. All
statistical calculations will use the Included in
the Week Two tab of theEmployee Salary Data Set
are 2 one-sample t-tests comparing male and
female average salaries to the overall sample
mean. 1. Below are 2 one-sample t-test
comparing male and female average salaries to the
overall sample mean. Based on our sample, how do
you interpret the results and what do these
results suggest about the population means for
male and female salaries?
11
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 2 Quiz (New) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
What is the relationship between the power of a
statistical test and decision errors? Question 2.
Question The desired sample depends
on all of these factors except? Question 3.
Question What question does the z test
answer? Question 4. Question The
desired sample size depends only the size of the
population to be tested. Question 5. Question
Each different t-distribution is defined
by which of the following? Question 6.
Question What is the alternate hypothesis
in a problem where sales group two is predicted
to be . . . significantly less productive than
sales group one?
12
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 2 Quiz FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
How is the sum of squares unlike either the
standard deviation or the variance? 2.
Question If sums of squares statistics
are calculated for shoppers at three different
retail outlets, what statistic will indicate the
variability among those at each outlet? 3.
Question Which is the symbol used for
the test statistic in ANOVA? 4. Question
If ANOVA reveals that four different
departments have significantly different levels
of productivity, what will a post-hoc test
indicate? 5. Question The
independent t-test is based on which
distribution? 6. Question What
does omega-squared indicate?
13
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 3 DQ 1 ANOVA FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com In many ways, comparing
multiple sample means is simply an extension of
what we covered last week. Just as we had 3
versions of the t-test (1 sample, 2 sample (with
and without equal variance), and paired we have
several versions of ANOVA single factor,
factorial (called 2-factor with replication in
Excel), and within-subjects (2-factor without
replication in Excel). What examples
(professional, personal, social) can you provide
on when we might use each type?What would be the
appropriate hypotheses statements for each
example?
14
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 3 DQ 2 Effect Size FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Several statistical
tests have a way to measure effect size. What is
this, and when might you want to use it in
looking at results from these tests on job
related data?
15
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 3 Problem Set FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com ASSIGNMENT WEEK 3 Complete
the problems below and submit your work in an
Excel document. Be sure to show all of your work
and clearly label all calculations. All
statistical calculations will use the (Note
Questions 1- 4 have additional elements to
respond to below the analysis results.) 1.
Last week, we found that the average
performance ratings do not differ between males
and females in the population. Now we need to see
if they differ among the grades. Is the average
performance rating the same for all grades?
(Assume variances are equal across the grades for
this ANOVA.)
16
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 4 DQ 1 Confidence Intervals FOR MORE
CLASSES VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
4-1/Confidence IntervalsMany people do not like
or trust single point estimates for things they
need measured. Looking back at the data examples
you have provided in the previous discussion
questions on this issue, how might adding
confidence intervals help managers accept the
results better? Why? Ask a manger in your
organization if they would prefer a single point
estimate or a range for important measures, and
why? Please share what they say
17
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 4 DQ 2 Chi-Square Tests FOR MORE
CLASSES VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
4-2/Chi-Square Tests Chi-square tests are great
to show if distributions differ or if two
variables interact in producing outcomes. What
are some examples of variables that you might
want to check using the chi-square tests? What
would these results tell you?
18
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 4 Problem Set FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com ASSIGNMENT WEEK 4 Lets
look at some other factors that might influence
pay. Complete the problems below and submit your
work in an Excel document. Be sure to show all of
your work and clearly label all calculations. All
statistical calculations will use the 1.
Using our sample data, construct a 95 confidence
interval for the population's mean salary for
each gender. Interpret the results. How do they
compare with the findings in the week 2 one
sample t-test outcomes (Question 1)?
19
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 4 Quiz (New) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
The goodness of fit test null hypothesis states
that the sample data does not match an expected
distribution. Question 2. Question
Statistical significance in the Chi-square test
means the population distribution (expected) is
not the source of the sample (observed)
data. Question 3. Question While
rejecting the null hypothesis for the goodness of
fit test means distributions differ, rejecting
the null for the test of independence means the
variables interact Question 4. Question
The null hypothesis for the test of
independence states that no correlation exists
between the variables. Question 5. Question
For a one sample confidence interval, the
interval is calculated around the calculated
sample mean (m). Question 6. Question
For a one sample confidence interval, if the
interval contains the µm , the corresponding
t-test will have a statistically significant
result rejecting the null hypothesis.
20
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 4 Quiz FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com 1. Question
With reference to problem 1, what statistic
determines the correlation of experience with
productivity, controlling for age in experience?
2. Question In a problem where
interest rates and growth of the economy are used
to predict consumer spending, which of the
following will increase prediction error? 3.
Question With reference to problem 3,
how is the regression constant or the a value
interpreted? 4. Question Which of
the following is a problem in simple regression?
5. Question In a problem where
average temperature and number of daylight hours
are used to predict energy consumption in homes,
what does the standard error of multiple estimate
gauge?
21
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 5 DQ 1 Correlation FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
5-1/Correlation What results in your departments
seem to be correlated or related to other
activities? How could you verify this? Create a
null and alternate hypothesis for one of these
issues. What are the managerial implications of a
correlation between these variables?
22
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 5 DQ 2 Regression FOR MORE CLASSES
VISIT www.bus308mentor.com Discussion
5-2/Regression At times we can generate a
regression equation to explain outcomes. For
example, an employees salary can often be
explained by their pay grade, appraisal rating,
education level, etc. What variables might
explain or predict an outcome in your department
or life? If you generated a regression equation,
how would you interpret it and the residuals from
it?
23
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 5 Final Paper (2 Papers) FOR MORE
CLASSES VISIT www.bus308mentor.com This tutorial
contains 2 Different Papers The final paper
provides you with an opportunity to integrate and
reflect on what you have learned during the
class. The question to address is What have you
learned about statistics? In developing your
responses, consider at a minimum and discuss
the application of each of the course elements in
analyzing and making decisions about data (counts
and/or measurements). The course elements
include Descriptive statistics Inferential
statistics Hypothesis development and testing
24
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com
BUS 308 Week 5 Problem Set FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.bus308mentor.com ASSIGNMENT WEEK 5 1.
Create a correlation table for the variables
in our (Use analysis ToolPak or StatPlusmac LE
function Correlation). a. Reviewing the
data levels from week 1, what variables can be
used in a Pearsons Correlation Table (which is
what Excel produces)? b. Place the table
here. c. Using r approximately .28 as
the significant r value (at p .05) for a
correlation between 50 values, what variables are
significantly related to salary? To compa? d.
Looking at the above correlations both
significant or not are there any surprises by
that I mean any relationships you expected to be
meaningful and are not, and vice-versa? e.
Does this information help us answer our equal
pay for equal work question?
25
BUS 308 MENTOR Career Begins/bus308mentor.com