Effect of Trauma on Psychological Development on Children

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Effects of trauma

• on psychological development on children

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Introduction

• There is a relationship between child development
  and trauma.
• The child who experiences abuse, neglect and
  depression always has a problem in the
  development.
• This affects the neurodevelopment and the
  psychosocial part of the brain.
• According to the scientists, the advert
  experiences of stress affects the childs brain
  development.
• Such children show mental, social, and medicate
  complications later in life.

3
There is a relationship between child development
and trauma.
The child who experiences abuse, neglect and
depression always has a problem in the
development.
This affects the neurodevelopment and the
psychosocial part of the brain.
According to the scientists, the advert
experiences of stress affects the childs brain
development.
Such children show mental, social, and medicate
complications later in life.

4
Literature review

• As mentioned in phd dissertation proposal most
  children experience traumatic events either
  physically, emotionally or sexually in the world.
  However, many people tend to ignore the effects
  that trauma cause on the psychological
  development of the child (Lanius, et al., 2010).
  Extreme psychological trauma leads to impairment
  of the neuroendocrine system of the child. Stress
  also triggers the fighting for survival response
  in the child when he grows up. Stress activates
  the sympathies as well as suppressing the
  parasympathetic nerves in the body. Therefore
  they fight along as a form of defense mechanism.
  Study shows that such actions affect the brain
  development by destructing the brain development
  cells (Goodyear-Brown, 2012).

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Types of trauma
The abstract of a thesis contains the excerpt of
the following data

• There are different types of trauma that parents
  can cause to the child.
• Acute trauma which is a single event that happens
  within a given time
• Chronic trauma which involves an experience that
  happens severally in the life of the child
• Complex trauma which is the exposure to chronic
  trauma several times and this mostly comes from
  the adult caregivers so they try to impact such
  trauma to the child which affects them later.

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Effects of acute trauma
The mental development of children is one of the
phd dissertation topics that includes uncovering
the following effects

• Slow brain development
• Low education performance
• Lack of social relationships
• Behavioral problems

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Child Abuse
Abuse is the physical, emotional, or sexual act
that one practices on a child.
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Types of abuse
Sexual abuse
Physical abuse

Emotional abuse
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Trauma as a result of abuse

• The physical abuse involves kicking, shaking,
  burning or hitting.
• Sexual abuse is the sexual act that is done to a
  young child by an adult forcefully.
• Emotional abuse any form of injury caused to the
  child affecting his psychological or emotional
  stability. Child abuses cause brain damage to the
  development of the child.
• Children who suffer abuse usually experience
  trauma. Those who are exposed to domestic
  violence for such as disaster or the traumatic
  events always have fear and lack confidence in
  anything

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The effects of mild traumatic event is based on
several factors

• The age and developmental stage of the baby
• The childs view of the dangers he is facing
• if the child was the victim or just a witness
• The relationship between the child and the
  abuser
• The childs previous experiences with trauma
• The difficulties the child faces after trauma
• The availability for help and protection

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The brain of the child develops as he continues
to grow.
the prenatal brain is 2-3 times of the adult
neurons.
There are a maximum number of neurons at birth.
The neuroformation usually stops at birth.
The brain continues to grow over the first few
years because of myelination as well as synaptic
connections.
The growth of the brain depends on the
stimulations that the child is exposed to.

Brain development
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This is psychological and physical reaction to
the child in a given context.
The traumatic events make someone feel terrorized
and insecure.
Child Traumatic Stress
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One Focuses on survival tactics
Leads to more excitable neurons
Reduces development in the left brain
Reduces the size corpus callosum
Leads to dull activity in cerebellum
They become hyper arousal
Associated with Dissociation
Have Attachment problems
Lacks of empathy
Psychological Impact Stress
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The child has few synapses at birth but the new
form as are a result of stimulation.
The neural pathway leads to skill acquisition
and memory development
1. Motor
2. Cognitive
3. Emotional

• Brain development

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Leads to Anxiety
Depression
Dissociation
Difficulty concentration
Having Academic problems
Withdrawn and lack of connection
Flashbacks
Increased hyper vigilance
Have sleeping disorder
Effects on psychological development
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The brain of a child keeps changing with time. A
child is born with more than 100 billion neurons
however, some parts of the body will make more
neurons.
The growth and development is a sensitive part of
growth which should not be alerted and any
alteration remains permanently.
he brain and development forms though selective
losses of neurons according to their use. Neurons
are important parts of the brain.
The neurons are activated and preserved on
several occasions and the duplicates die
naturally. This process is called apoptosis. The
dramatic increase in the size of the brain leads
to the formation of the links between neurons and
maturation of the neurons with ax
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Impact of trauma on neurodevelopment
Some areas of the brain lobes
Decrease in the size of the brain
Anterior cingulated gyrus appears to be low in
chemical production
The neurons in the anterior region called
cingulated was like that of the alcoholics and
adults
?
?
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Psychosocial development comes as a result of a
good bonding with the parents.
There are many psychosocial processes that
develop during the time of bonding. Such
processes include emotion, impulse control,
development of a good relationship with others,
positive sense and identification of norms and
values.
Lack of good and healthy attachment affects the
psychosocial development of the child. Such
children find it hard to form a good relationship
with others.
They can also not control their emotions.

Psychosocial development
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Bonding and attachment play an important role in
this.
This helps a child to endure emotional
relationship with specific people.
Secondly, the presence of a person in life
provides a sense of security in a child.
However, loss of a close person or trauma leads
to emotional distress.
Bonding in Psychosocial development
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• Post traumatic stress
• Panic
• Depression
• Lack of socialization
• Isolated identity disorder
• Bipolar
• Personality development disorder
• Eating difficulty
• Schizophrenia

Effects of trauma on the psychological development
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The caregivers should maximize their sense of
security to such children.
People should help these children to reduce
emotions that are over-we liming
Should help the children to figure out new
meanings in life
Should try to address the issues that lead to
trauma
Coordinate with other agencies to help such
children
Use the assessment measures to understand the
traumatic experiences that the child is going
through and find ways to help them.
Promote stable relationship in the life the child

Manage stress
Recommendations
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Conclusion
Traumatic experiences due to neglect and child
abuse leads to increased levels of cortical in
children.
This increase is toxic to the neurons in various
parts of the brain. Trauma develops and forms a
cumulative impact on the childs psychological
development which shapes a different world view.
They start to respond to the environment
differently. They find it hard to relate well
with the environment.
This impairs their judgment towards the things
that happen around them. Moreover, they find it
hard to make their discussions in the future.
23
Destin, M. L., Union Institute University.
(2008). Effects of mental health counseling for
maltreated elementary school children.
Goodyear-Brown, P. (2012). Handbook of child
sexual abuse Identification, assessment, and
treatment. Hoboken, N.J John Wiley Sons.
Howe, M. L., Goodman, G. S., Cicchetti, D.
(2008). Stress, trauma, and children's memory
development Neurobiological, cognitive,
clinical, and legal perspectives. Oxford Oxford
University Press.
Lanius, R. A., Vermetten, E., Pain, C. (2010).
The impact of early life trauma on health and
disease The hidden epidemic. Cambridge
Cambridge University Press.

References
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