Fire & Safety

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Fire Safety
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Overview

• Awareness of Fire Hazards
• Fire Safety Systems
• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarms
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction and Containment

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Group Exercise

• What are some fire hazards that you may encounter
  in your facilities?

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Overview

• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction Containment

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Fire Codes

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

• NFPA 13 Fire Sprinklers
• System requirements installation
• Water supplies
• System inspection, testing, maintenance
• NFPA 72 Fire Alarms
• System design requirements
• Inspection, testing, maintenance

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Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
Enforcement Regulations
Community Colleges Division of State Architect (DSA) State Fire Marshal (SFM)
State Universities SFM SFM
UCs Designated Campus Fire Marshal (DCFM) SFM
Private Universities Local Fire Agency Local Fire Agency/SFM
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Fire Code Questions?

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Overview

• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction Containment

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Fire Extinguishers

• Elements of all fires

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Fire Extinguisher Classifications

• Classifications
• Class A - Ordinary Combustibles
• Paper, cloth, wood, and some Plastics
• Class B - Flammable Liquids or Gasses
• Liquids Gasoline, Oil, Grease, Solvents
• Gases Acetylene, Methane, Hydrogen
• Class C - Energized Electrical Equipment
• Equipment Connected to Electrical Source

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Extinguisher Ratings

• Sample extinguisher UL listing
• 4-A20-BC
• Good for Class A, B, and C fires
• Will extinguish twice as much Class A fire as a
  2-A rated extinguisher
• Will extinguish 20 times as much Class B fire as
  a 1-B rated extinguisher
• Suitable for Class C fires

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Use of Fire Extinguisher

• P - Pull the Pin
• A - Aim at Base of Fire
• S - Squeeze the Trigger
• S - Sweep from Side to Side

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Inspect Fire Extinguisher

• Is this fire extinguisherready to be used?
• Locking pin and security seal
• Pressure gauge
• State Fire Marshal tag

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Fire Extinguisher Questions?

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Overview

• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction Containment

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Fire Alarm Systems

• System Selection based on
• Building occupant safety
• Satisfy building codes or AHJ requirements
• Property protection
• First responder safety
• Environmental protection
• Combination of above

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Fire Detection

• Spark/Ember Detectors
• Flame Detectors
• Combination
• Radiant Energy
• UV
• IR
• Smoke Detector
• Ionization
• Photoelectric
• Heat Detectors
• Fixed Temperature
• Rate-of-Rise

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Manual Pull Stations

• Usually located near exit on wall
• Sends signal to fire alarm system which in turn
  places the building into alarm

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Notification Appliances

• Audible alarms
• Horns
• Bells
• Chimes
• Visual alarms
• Voice Communication
• Assembly occupancies
• High rises

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Fire Alarm Questions?

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Overview

• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction Containment

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Fire Suppression Systems

• 4 categories of sprinkler systems
• Wet-Pipe
• Dry-Pipe
• Preaction
• Deluge

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Wet-Pipe System (Sprinklers)

• System contains water under pressure at all times
• Series of closed sprinkler heads
• Heat activates sprinkler head
• Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head

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How do Wet-Pipe Systems/Sprinklers Work?
Sprinkler head
Water is released and deflected in a spray pattern
As temperature rises the bulb will shatter
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Dry-Pipe System

• System contains air under pressure
• Compressor on system keeps pressure up
• Sprinkler heads hold the pressure
• Valve holds back water supply
• Valve opens when pressure falls below a
  predetermined level in the pipes
• Heat activates sprinkler head
• Water discharged immediately from sprinkler head

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How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?

1. Heat Activated, sprinklers head opens

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Preaction System

• System contains air under pressure
• Compressor on system keeps pressure up
• Water held back by preaction valve
• Supplemental detection
• Operation of detection system allows preaction
  valve to open and water fills system
• Water not discharged until fire has generated
  sufficient heat to activate a sprinkler head

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How do Pre-Action Systems Work?

1. Smoke Activated, opens primer in valve

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Deluge Systems

• Deliver large quantities of water over a
  specified area in a short period of time
• Piping at atmospheric pressure
• Sprinkler heads are in open position
• Deluge valve keeps water back
• Supplemental detection activated deluge valve
• Water discharged from all heads immediately

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Sprinkler Flow Alarms

• Switches to detect water flow
• Fire alarm system activated when water flow
  detected

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Fire Pumps

• Used when hydraulic demand exceeds public supply
  capacity
• Components
• Pump and motor
• Controllers (fire pump and jockey pump)
• Jockey pump
• Water tank

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Water Supply

• Standpipe System
• Class I Intended for Fire Department use
• Class II Intended for trained occupants
• Class III Provided with 2 ½ inch and 1 ½ inch
  hose connections
• Fire Department Connection

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Overview

• Fire Codes
• Fire Extinguishers
• Fire Alarm Systems
• Fire Suppression
• Fire Construction Containment

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Construction and Containment

• Buildings classified by 9 levels of fire
  resistant materials (e.g. walls, roofs, columns)
• High level Type I (High Rise)
• Low Level Type V Non-Rated (Homes)

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Examples of Construction Containment

• Closing fire doors
• Fire penetrations around pipes in rated walls

• Fire/Smoke dampers

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Know Your Building

• Become familiar with
• Locations of sprinklers and standpipe
• Location of fire alarm devices
• Locations of exits and egress
• Emergency evacuation routes
• Do you have emergency power where located?

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Fire Construction Containment Questions?

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Conclusions

• Codes drive facility fire and life safety
  requirements
• Know what codes apply to your operation
• Find out who is your AHJ
• Maintain fire and life safety systems at all
  times
• Always report non-operational fire systems to
  your appropriate department
• Be aware of fire hazards report as appropriate