Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Introduction

• The project is designed to demonstrate how
  multiple microcontrollers can be connected in a
  network to achieve the desired output. More and
  more microcontrollers are embedded in different
  kinds of products from industrial environment to
  domestic area a good example is the automobile
  sector. A modern day car has number of
  microcontrollers integrated within its system.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Block Diagram
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Hardware Requirements

• 8051 series Microcontrollers
• Keypad
• LCD
• Relay
• Transformer
• Diodes
• LED
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Regulator
• Buzzer
• Lamp

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Software Requirements

• Keil compiler
• Language Embedded C or Assembly

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Communications and Networks

• Data Communications
• Transmission of signals
• Encoding, interfacing, signal integrity,
  multiplexing etc.
• Networking
• Topology architecture used to interconnect
  devices

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Network Trends
Voice, Image, Data, Video
Networking
Microcontroller
Microcontroller
Wireless
Integrated Systems!
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Communication Systems

• Process describing transfer of information, data,
  instructions between one or more systems through
  some media.
• Examples
• People, computers, cell phones, etc.
• Computer communication systems
• Receivers and transmitters Desktop computers,
  mainframe computers, etc.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Communication Systems

• Signals passing through the communication channel
  can be Digital, or analog.
• Analog signals continuous electrical waves.
• Digital signals individual electrical pulses
  (bits)

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Working Principle

• The networking and communication between them
  becomes necessary.
• The importance of having multiple
  microcontrollers against a single one is if one
  of the microcontrollers goes bad only the
  function related to that particular
  microcontroller will be affected.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Working Principle

• The project demonstrates a command based
  monitoring tool using the RS232 protocol.
• A network of three microcontrollers is used in
  this project.
• The first one is connected to a keypad for input
  action.
• The second one is connected to an LCD display and
  the third one to drive a relay for controlling
  any load (LAMP).

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Working Principle

• Input takes a password on the first MC to display
  it on the second MC while the third one executes
  the output only if the password is right.
• Wrong password if entered will generate a buzzer
  sound.
• Though this task can be performed by a single
  microcontroller.
• The project uses multiple microcontrollers to
  explain the concept of networking.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Working Principle

• It is practically impossible by a single
  microcontroller to handle input action, display
  and output which are located way apart.
• The system uses a combination of three
  microcontrollers for this purpose.
• One is used to operate the load.
• second one is used to display output on LCD
  display .
• The third one is used to take user input through
  a keypad.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Working Principle

• Consider a situation which requires 15
  connections for a display unit from
  microcontroller, and 7 connections from keypad.
• So instead of using single microprocessor and
  multicore cables for kilometers.
• We use a single cable and more microcontrollers
  to simplify the working and reduce costs.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
MICROCONTROLLER

• It is a smaller computer
• Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports. etc..

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF A MICRO CONTROLLER
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Multi Microcontroller Networking System

• Our system aims at connecting and coordinating
  multiple microcontrollers in order to achieve the
  desired output.
• Increasing number of microcontrollers are used
  these days for various industrial and domestic
  applications.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Designing The Communications Microcontroller

• Microcontrollers
• Main Microcontroller i.MX31 from Freescale
• Communications Microcontroller LPC2194/01 from
  NXP
• Low Level Microcontroller LPC2194/01 from NXP

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers

• Communication Protocols
• Main to Communications Full Speed USB
• Communications to Low Level CAN Bus

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Power Supply

• A DC Power Supply Unit (commonly called a PSU)
  deriving power from the AC mains (line) supply
  performs a number of tasks
• It changes (in most cases reduces) the level of
  supply to a value suitable for driving the load
  circuit.
• It produces a DC supply from the mains (or line)
  supply AC sine wave.
• It prevents any AC from appearing at the supply
  output.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Parts of a Power Supply

• The output voltage is kept at a constant level,
  independent of changes in
• The AC supply voltage at the supply input.
•  The Load current drawn from the supply output.
•  Temperature.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Power Supply
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Relay

• It is a electro magnetic switch.
• Used to control the electrical
  
• devices.
• Copper core magnetic flux plays main
• role here.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Relay

• The relay's switch connections are usually
  labeled COM, NC and NO
• COM Common, always connect to this it is the
  moving part of the itch.
• NC Normally Closed, COM is connected to this
  when the relay coil is off.
• NO Normally Open, COM is connected to this
  when the relay coil is on .

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
BC547 (NPN Transistor)

• The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon
  Transistor.
• It is used in general-purpose switching and
  amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN
  general-purpose transistors.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
BC547 (NPN Transistor)

• The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the
  DC Current Gain of the device and is given the
  symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (ß).

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
BC547 (NPN Transistor)

• The current gain from the emitter to the
  collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (a),
  and is a function of the transistor itself.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

• Most common LCDs connected to the
  microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and
  20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
• The standard is referred to as HD44780U.
• It refers to the controller chip which receives
  data from an external source (and communicates
  directly with the LCD.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

• If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require
  11 data lines (3 control lines plus the 8 lines
  for the data bus).
• The three control lines are referred to as EN,
  RS, and RW.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Diagram
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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Application

• This technology is widely used in modern
  automobiles.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Future Enhancement

• This project being based on serial communication
  can be enhanced by using wireless communication
  among the controllers by avoiding costly cabling.

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Networking of Multiple Microcontrollers
Conclusion

• We have learned how multiple microcontrollers can
  be connected in a simple networking system to get
  the desired output. These type of networking of
  multiple microcontrollers are used in many areas
  like industrial and domestic areas.

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