Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Introduction

• While driving on highways, motorists should not
  exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for
  their vehicle. However, accidents keep occurring
  due to speed violations since the drivers tend to
  ignore their speedometers.
• This speed checker will come handy for the
  highway traffic police as it will not only
  provide a digital display in accordance with a
  vehicles speed but also sound an alarm if the
  vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the
  highway.
• The system displays the time taken by the vehicle
  in crossing this 100m distance from one pair to
  the other with a resolution of 0.01 second, from
  which the speed of the vehicle can be calculated.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Block Diagram
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Hardware Requirements

• Transformer
• Diodes
• Capacitors
• Resistors
• LEDs
• Timer
• Decade Counter
• IR LED
• Photodiode
• 7-Segment Display
• Buzzer
• Voltage Regulator
• Nand gates

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
555 Timer
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip)
implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator
applications
The 555 has three operating modes
Monostable Mode in this mode, the 555 functions
as a "one-shot". Applications include timers,
missing pulse detection, switches, touch
switches, frequency divider, capacitance
measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
555 Timer
The 555 has three operating modes
Astable - Free running mode the 555 can operate
as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp
flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone
generation, security alarms, pulse position
modulation, etc. Bistable mode or Schmitt
trigger The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if
the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is
used. Uses include bounce free latched switches,
etc.
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Internal Architecture of 555 timer
Pin Name Purpose
1 GND Ground, low level (0 V)
2 TRIG OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input falls below 1/3 VCC.
3 OUT This output is driven to VCC or GND.
4 RESET A timing interval may be interrupted by driving this input to GND.
5 CTRL "Control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 VCC).
6 THR The interval ends when the voltage at THR is greater than at CTRL.
7 DIS Open collector output may discharge a capacitor between intervals.
8 V, VCC Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Internal Architecture of 555 timer
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
CD 4026

• The count advances as the clock input becomes
  high (on the rising-edge).
• The outputs a-g go high to light the appropriate
  segments of a common-cathode 7-segment display as
  the count advances.
• The maximum output current is about 1mA with a
  4.5V supply and 4mA with a 9V supply.
• This is sufficient to directly drive many
  7-segment LED displays.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Circuit Diagram
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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Working Principle

• The proposed system checks an over speeding
  vehicle or rash driving by calculating the speed
  of the passing vehicle using the time taken to
  travel between two set points (at a fixed
  distance).
• A set point consists of a pair of sensors
  comprising an IR transmitter and an IR receiver
  and each pair is installed on either side of the
  road at a fixed distance. Speed limit is set by
  the police people who use the system depending
  upon the traffic at that location.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Working Principle

• Time taken by a vehicle to travel from one set
  point to the other is calculated by control
  circuit.
• Based on that time, the system then calculates
  speed and displays it on a seven-segment display.
  Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the set speed
  limit, a buzzing sound alerts the police.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Formula to Calculate

• Speed (kmph) Distance/Time
• Speed (kmph) 0.001 km/(Reading0.0001)/3600
• Or, Reading (on display) 36000/ Speed.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Application

• It will maintain the Safety of Human life on the
  road.
• It can also be used on the bridge for the control
  of speed.
• It can be used on the highway, express highway.

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Vehicle Over Speed Detection on Highways
Conclusion

• Since number of accidents on highways increases
  day by day so it is necessary to check speed of
  the vehicles on highways so as to remove accident
  cases and to provide a safe journey by
  controlling high speed of the vehicle. It also
  minimizes the difficulties of traffic police
  department and make ease to control the rash
  driving on highways. It will not only help to
  maintain the traffic rules but also reduces
  accidents. As circuit is compact user friendly
  one man can handle the system efficiently.

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