Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor
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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Introduction
• It is designed to measure the distance of any
  object by using an ultrasonic transducer.
• Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a
  convenient method compared to traditional one
  using measurement scales.
• This kind of measurement is particularly
  applicable to inaccessible areas where
  traditional means cannot be implemented such as
  high temperature, pressure zones etc.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Description
• It uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a
  microcontroller of 8051 family.
• An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a
  transmitter and receiver are used.
• The transmitted waves are reflected back from the
  object and received by the transducer again.
• The total time taken from sending the waves to
  receiving it is calculated by taking into
  consideration the velocity of sound.
• Then the distance is calculated by a program
  running on the microcontroller and displayed on
  an LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller.
• The ultrasonic sensor produces 40 kHz sound waves.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Working Of Project
• The project uses a pair of ultrasonic transducers
  comprising of 1 transmitter and 1 receiver.
• The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic
  sound while the maximum receiver is design to
  accept only 40KHz sound waves.
• When ever an obstacle obstructs the signals of
  ultrasonic transmitter it reflects the signal
  towards the ultra sonic receiver.
• The program is so written in MC to calculate the
  distance getting from ultrasonic module.
• The distance measurement which is seen on LCD
  displays the distance in cms.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor
Block Diagram
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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Hardware Requirements
• 8051 series Microcontroller
• LCD
• Transformer
• Diodes
• Bridge Rectifier
• Voltage Regulator
• Resistors
• Capacitors
• Ultrasonic Transducers.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Software Requirements
• Keil compiler
• Language Embedded C or Assembly

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Ultrasonic Transmitter And Receiver
• Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers)
  work on a principle similar to radar or sonar
  which evaluate attributes of a target by
  interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves
  respectively.
• Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound
  waves and evaluate the echo which is received
  back by the sensor.
• Ultrasonic generators use piezoelectric materials
  such as zinc or lead zirconium tartrates or
  quartz crystal.
• The material thickness decides the resonant
  frequency when mounted and excited by electrodes
  attached on either side of it.
• The medical scanners used for abdomen or heart
  ultrasound are designed at 2.5 MHz. In this
  circuit, a 40 kHz transducer is used for object
  detection in the air medium.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Liquid Crystal Display (Lcd)
• Most common LCDs connected to the
  microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2 displays.
• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and
  20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively.
• The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which
  refers to the controller chip which receives data
  from an external source and communicates directly
  with the LCD.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• How to Operate this Ultrasonic Distance
  Measurement by Circuit
• Initially burn the program to the
  microcontroller.
• Now give the connections as per the circuit
  diagram.
• While giving the connections make sure that Vcc
  of ultrasonic module is connected to 5V DC.
• Switch on the board supply.
• Place the obstacle in front the ultrasonic
  module, now you can observe the distance on LCD.
• Switch off the board supply.

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Distance Measurement by Ultrasonic Sensor

• Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Applications
• Used to measure the obstacle distance.
• This system used in automotive parking sensors
  and obstacle warning systems.
• Used in terrain monitoring robots.

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