A brief history of plagiarism and how to avoid it

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A Brief History of Plagiarism and How to Avoid It
Polishedpaper.com
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• The blank page is terrifying. However, even more
  terrifying are the consequences of plagiarism and
  cheating. Heres a brief non-comprehensive
  history of plagiarism and cheating and their
  consequences.
• 1938 - Henry Fords grandson paid a fellow
  student to write a paper for him. Yale expelled
  him. He never earned a degree.
• 1994 - Eighty-six cadets at the U.S. Naval
  Academy in Annapolis cheated on an electrical
  engineering exam. The Academy expelled
  twenty-four (the Navy also booted them). The rest
  had leave privileges revoked for a year.
• 2002 - Forty-eight students submitted the same
  essay over a five-year period in an introductory
  physics class at the University of Virginia. The
  University expelled forty-five and revoked the
  degrees of the three others, who had already
  graduated.

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• 2007 - Thirty-four MBA students at Duke cheated
  on a take-home exam. Duke expelled nine,
  suspended fifteen for a year and failed them
  (course grade), and failed ten (nine on the
  course grade and one on the exam grade).
• Note Four have been exonerated, but Duke has not
  said which.
• 2007 - Thirty-six Indiana School of Dentistry
  students gained access to questions they would
  face on an upcoming test. The School expelled
  nine, suspended six for a year, and gave
  twenty-one letters of reprimand.        
• 2012 - Fareed Zakaria, a journalist for Time and
  CNN, plagiarized a paragraph from the New Yorker.
  He faced a week suspension and almost lost both
  jobs. He will now be remembered as a cheater.

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• 2013 - One hundred and twenty students cheated on
  a series of English quizzes using cell phones.
  They will all fail. Barnard may also expel them.
• 2014 - Montana Democratic Senator John Walsh
  withdrew from a Senate race after the media
  discovered that he had plagiarized parts of a
  graduate school paper.
• Clearly colleges, employers, the media, and the
  public take plagiarism very seriously. One small
  mistake when you are young can have repercussions
  way down the line and ruin your career and
  reputation.

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• Editing and proofreading services can help. Upon
  request, editors will examine your writing for
  plagiarism. But what do you do then? How can you
  use the information without committing academic
  or professional dishonesty?
• You must cite the source. Then you have two
  options.
• 1. Use direct quotation.
• Shorten the quotation as much as possible using
  ellipses () to indicate places you have omitted
  words and use quotation marks.

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• 2. Paraphrase.
• This is tricky. Writers often take a quote and
  swap out a few words. That is still plagiarism.
• You need to read and understand the ideas
  expressed. Break the quotation down into smaller
  ideas. Then try to extract the main idea. Put
  THAT in your own words using a completely
  different sentence structure.
• If the original author uses details or examples
  to illustrate, do not use them. Try to come up
  with your own. Even if your wording is less
  elegant and your examples less apt, readers will
  prefer them. They want your perspective of a
  topic and the details or examples you come up
  with. Give the information a new spin.

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