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Stem cells journal

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International Journal of Stem Cell Research and Transplantation (IJST) is a peer-reviewed journal, and is dedicated to providing information with respect to the latest advancements that are being upgraded in our everyday life with respect to the application of Stem cells. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Stem cells journal


1
International Journal of Stem Cell Research and
Transplantation IJSThttp//scidoc.org/IJST.php
ISSN-2328-3548
2
  • Article Name
  • Investigating Cell Surface Markers and
    Differentiation Potential of Compact Bone-Derived
    Mesenchymal Stem Cells
  • This study was conducted to investigate
    the surface antigen expression and multilineage
    stem cell potential of the cells derived from
    culture of collagenase digested marrow-free
    compact bones of C57BL/6 mouse. Long bones of
    C57BL/6 mouse (n6) were collected aseptically
    and bone marrow was flushed out.
    Collagenase-digested bone fragments were washed
    and cultured in plastic flasks. The
    plastic-adherent fibroblast-like spindle-shaped
    cells were cultured sequentially in multiple
    passages in low-glucose DMEM (Dulbeccos Modified
    Eagles Medium) supplemented with 15 FBS (Foetal
    Bovine Serum) and antibiotics in a 37C incubator
    with 5 co2. Immunophenotyping for cell surface
    markers was done using flow cytometry. The cells
    were differentiated into the osteoblastic,
    adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages. The culture
    of the adherent cells exhibited active
    proliferation and multiplication in consequent
    passages. The cultured cells revealed evidence of
    adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation
    confirmed by staining with oil red O and von
    Kossa stains. Under flow cytometry observation, a
    significant proportion of cultured cells
    expressed CD29 and stem cell antigen (Sca-1).
    Only 9.8 cells showed expression of CD105. These
    MSCs exhibited low ability in chondrogenic
    differentiation, which can potentially be
    attributed to their lack of CD105 expression.
    Lack of expression of CD45 showed evidence of
    absence of hematopoietic stem cells. This study
    showed that murine compact bone-chip culture can
    yield MSCs with significant proliferation
    capacity. The cells displayed the ability to
    differentiate into osteoblast and adipocyte
    lineages.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-03-101
    .php
  • Article Name
  • Cancer Stem- Like Cells in Melanoma
    Progression, Resistance and Recurrence
    Significance for melanoma Treatment
  • Human malignant melanoma is a highly
    aggressive tumor which demonstrates heterogeneity
    and a propensity to drug resistance. Despite
    improved treatment options, patients with
    advanced malignant melanoma continue have a poor
    prognosis as measured by progression-free and
    overall survival. The cancer stem-like cell (CSC)
    hypothesis suggests that neoplastic clones are
    maintained by a small fraction of cells with stem
    cell properties. As has been demonstrated with
    other tumor types, melanoma progression,
    resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy, and
    recurrence can be attributed to a small fraction
    of cells termed melanoma stem-like cells (MSCs).
    These MSCs are characterized by a distinct
    protein patterns and aberrant signaling pathways,
    which are either in a causal or consequential
    relationship to tumor progression, drug
    resistance and recurrence. This review focuses on
    the mechanistic role of MSCs leading to tumor
    progression and metastasis, resistance and
    recurrence. Understanding the molecular
    mechanisms underlying MSCs migration, invasion,
    resistance to standard treatments, and recurrence
    may help to improve current therapeutic
    modalities and/or pave the way for the
    development of new therapeutical management
    strategy for tumor treatment.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-401.
    php

3
  • Article Name
  • Obtaining Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Adipose
    Tissue Of Murin Origin Experimental Study
  • The aim of this study was to isolate
    and characterize rat Adipose Derived Mesenchymal
    Stem Cells (AD-MSCs) in order to evaluate their
    proliferative potential and their ability to
    differentiate in different cell types. AD-MSCs
    and Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) have
    the same characteristics in terms of plasticity.
    The advantage of adipose tissue is that it is an
    easier accessible source and it offers a large
    amount of MSCs by less invasive surgical
    tecniques. MSCs were obtained from subcutaneous
    adipose tissue of Wistar rats. First of all
    microbiological controls were made to exclude the
    presence of bacteria or fungi in the tissue.
    Adipose tissue was mechanically and enzimatically
    fragmented and stomal cell fraction was seeded in
    adherent culture flasks in DMEM 20 FBS. After
    48h the medium was replaced. Cells were
  • characterized by evaluating1) their
    ability to adhere to the plastic2) the
    clonogenic potential by Colony Forming Unit (CFU)
    assay3) their ability to differentiate in 3
    mesodermal lineages (adipocytes, osteocytes and
    chondrocytes).
  • AD-MSCs are able to differentiate in
    adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes as
    confirmed by Oil RedO staining, von Kossa
    staining and histological analysis respectively.
    This first characterization is essential for the
    second part of our study in which we are planning
    to use AD-MSCs in vivo to restore renal function
    after an induced ischemic damage in experimental
    animals.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-501.ph
    p
  • Article name
  • Effect of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal
    Stem Cells and Umbilical Cord Blood-CD34 cells
    on Experimental Rat liver Fibrosis
  • Background and Objective Liver
    disease is one of the major causes of death in
    many countries. Hence, the development of
    effective therapies for liver fibrosis is a major
    aim of medical research. So this study was
    designed to investigate the therapeutical role of
    mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic
    stem cells (HSCs) transplantation in the
    experimental rat liver fibrosis.
  • Design and Method Bone marrow-derived
    MSCs were isolated from femoral and tibial bones
    of male albino rats, then were grown and
    propagated in culture for 2 weeks and were
    characterized morphologically and by detection of
    CD29 by real time-PCR. Human umbilical cord blood
    cells were obtained after full-term caesarean
    delivery from healthy donors after written
    informed consent. Low-density mononuclear cells
    were separated over Ficoll- Paque
    (Gibco-Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY), and then
    CD34 HSC was isolated using a magnetic cell
    sorter (MiniMACS Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch
    Gladbach, Germany). The cells were then infused
    intraperitoneally in rats that received CCl4
    injection to induce liver fibrosis. Rats were
    divided into 4 groups control, CCl4, CCl4 plus
    MSC, and CCl4 plus CD34. Liver tissue was
    examined histopathologically for all groups. The
    expression of collagen I and metalloproteinase-2
    genes as a marker of liver fibrosis was measured
    by real time RT- PCR.
  • Results The results of the present
    study showed that both MSCs and CD34 have a
    significant antifibrotic effect as evidenced by
    the significant decrease in liver collagen gene
    expression as well as the decrease in MMP-2 (p lt
    0.05) compared to the CCl4 group.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-301.php

4
  • Article name
  • Effect of Snake Venom Disintegrin like
    domain on the Homing of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
  • Mesenchymal stem cells have many
    advantages as grafts for cell transplantation.
    The homing of MSCs after systemic infusion is
    still poorly understood. This report explored the
    effect of the combination of BM-MSCs with
    Disintegrin like fraction obtained from Cerastes
    crude venom on the fibrotic liver of CCl4 treated
    mice. It was observed that Disintegrin like
    fraction could increase homing of BM-MSCs labeled
    with the PKH26 into the liver tissue of
    CCl4 treated mice. A significant decrease in AST
    and ALT serum levels after administration of
    Disintegrin like fraction and/or BM-MSCs in
    CCl4 treated mice were detected. VEGF was
    expressed in mice injected with CCl4 alone,
    followed by Disintegrin like fraction or both
    Disintegrin like fraction and BM-MSCs. ß- catenin
    was expressed in mice injected with CCl4 alone,
    followed by BM-MSCs or both BM-MSCs and
    Disintegrin like fraction. Caspase-3 gene was
    expressed in CCl4 treated mice injected with
    BM-MSCs or both BM-MSCs and Disintegrin like
    fraction. TNF-a and HO-1 were expressed in all
    groups. Administration of Disintegrin like
    fraction and / or BM-MSCs improved the
    histo-pathological picture and showed signs of
    regeneration in CCl4 induced liver fibrosis.In
    conclusion, Disintegrin like fraction could
    increase homing of BM-MSCs into the liver tissue
    of CCl4 treated mice. Further studies need to be
    done to explore the mechanism of homing caused by
    Disintegrin.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-302.php
  • Article Name
  • Human Peripheral Blood Derived
    Hematopoietic Stem Cell History, the Isolation
    Methods and Investigation of Different Parameters
    Effects on Their Differentiation to the Body
    Cells.
  • Blood and the system that forms it,
    known as the hematopoietic system, consist of
    many cell types with specialized functions. Red
    blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen to the
    tissues. Platelets (derived from megakaryocytes)
    help prevent bleeding. Granulocytes (neutrophils,
    basophils and eosinophils) and macrophages
    (collectively known as myeloid cells) fight
    infections from bacteria, fungi, and other
    parasites such as nematodes (ubiquitous small
    worms). Some of these cells are also involved in
    tissue and bone remodeling and removal of dead
    cells. B-lymphocytes produce antibodies, while
    T-lymphocytes can directly kill or isolate by
    inflammation cells recognized as foreign to the
    body, including many virus-infected cells and
    cancer cells. Many blood cells are short-lived
    and need to be replenished continuously the
    average human requires approximately one hundred
    billion new hematopoietic cells each day. The
    continued production of these cells depends
    directly on the presence of Hematopoietic Stem
    Cells (HSCs), the ultimate, and only, source of
    all these. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are
    rapidly becoming the primary rescue modality for
    autologous transplantation and are now actively
    being investigated in the allogeneic transplant
    setting. Many investigators and clinical
    researchers believe that PBSC are likely to
    replace bone marrow stem cells entirely, for use
    in clinical transplantation in the not too
    distant. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the
    blood cells that give rise to all the other blood
    cells. They give rise to the myeloid (monocytes
    and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils,
    eosinophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes/platelet
    s, dendritic cells), and lymphoid lineages
    (T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells). The definition of
    hematopoietic stem cells has changed in the last
    two decades. The hematopoietic tissue contains
    cells with long-term and short-term regeneration
    capacities and committed multipotent,
    oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-302.php

5
  • Article Name
  • Relationship Between Stem Cell
    Pluripotency and Physical Activity Levels In
    Office Workers Rationale and Study Design for
    the Stand Up Stem Cells (SUSC) Randomized Trial.
  • Background Excessive time spent in
    sedentary behaviours (sitting or lying with low
    energy expenditure) is associated with an
    increased risk for type 2 diabetes,
    cardiovascular disease and some cancers.
    Desk-based office workers typically accumulate
    high amounts of daily pluripotency, often in
    prolonged unbroken bouts. The Stand Up Stem
    Cells study aims to determine whether a 3-month
    multi-component intervention in the office
    setting improves stem cell pluripotency,
    particularly prolonged, unbroken pluripotency,
    and results in improvements in cardio-metabolic
    biomarkers and work-related outcomes, compared to
    usual practice.
  • Methods/Design A two-arm
    cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT), with
    worksites as the unit of randomization, will be
    conducted in 16 worksites located in Victoria,
    Australia. Work units from one organisation
    (Department of Human Services, Australian
    Government) will be allocated to either the
    multi-component intervention (organisational,
    environmental height-adjustable workstations,
    and individual behavioural strategies) or to a
    usual practice control group. The recruitment
    target is 160 participants (office-based workers
    aged 18-65 years and working at least 0.6 full
    time equivalent) per arm. At each assessment (0-
    baseline, 3- post intervention, and 12-months
    follow-up), objective measurement via the
    activPAL3 activity monitor will be used to assess
    workplace pluripotency (primary outcome)
    prolonged pluripotency (pluripotency accrued in
    bouts of 30 minutes) standing time
    sit-to-stand transitions and, moving time.
    Additional outcomes assessed will include
    non-workplace activity cardio-metabolic
    biomarkers and health indicators (including
    fasting glucose, lipids and insulin
    anthropometric measures blood pressure and,
    musculoskeletal symptoms) and, work-related
    outcomes (presenteeism, absenteeism,
    productivity, work performance). Incremental
    cost-effectiveness and identification of both
    workplace and individual-level mediators and
    moderators of change will also be evaluated.
  • Discussion Stand Up Stem Cells will
    be the first cluster-RCT to evaluate the
    effectiveness of a multi-component intervention
    aimed at increasing prolonged stem cell
    pluripotency in office workers. Strengths include
    the objective measurement of activity and
    assessment of the intervention on markers of
    cardio-metabolic health. Health and work-related
    benefits, as well as the cost-effectiveness of
    the intervention, will help to inform future
    occupational practice.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-101.php
  • Article Name
  • From Precursor/Stem Cells to Cordocytic
    Phenotypes In The Skin
  • This cytohistopathological study was
    performed to have a better knowledge of the
    continuum of cellular events, from mesenchymal
    stem cells to mature cordocytic phenotypes with
    their morphological heterogeneity and multiple
    functions in the human skin. We used light
    microscopy, as well as transmission and scanning
    electron microscopy to study multiple tissue
    fragments obtained by skin biopsy from post-burn
    tissue, surrounding superficial temporal artery,
    and skin, in cases with urticaria pigmentosa,
    Fabrys diffuse angiokeratoma, allergic
    vasculitis, hypodermitis, as well as basocellular
    nevomatosis and basocellular carcinoma. Our
    observations proved that the cordocytes appear
    from precursor/stem cells only outside the
    pericytes in the case of nascent dermal vessels,
    or from mesenchymal cells of the connective
    tissue surrounding superficial temporal artery
    within their niches, and they are responsible for
    multiple functions, especially protective for
    vessels and nerves in the reticular dermis. Their
    spatial and temporal interactions, either with
    each other or with another phenotype,
    undifferentiated or differentiated cells, and
    their implications in skin diseases, with
    changing phenotypes, position, and number, merit
    much more interest in further comprehensive
    studies. Our results showed that these protective
    interstitial cells promote useful interactions,
    influencing differentiation and fate of cells
    closely surrounded by them, as well as preventing
    or delaying some pathological processes.
  • Link http//scidoc.org/IJST-2328-3548-02-102.ph
    p
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