Citation styles in Council of Science Editors style guide - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Citation styles in Council of Science Editors style guide

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Citing references properly and appropriately in scientific research papers is crucial to acknowledge your sources and give credit wherever required. Science progresses only by building upon the work of others. Every formal research paper includes a list of bibliographic citations describing the books, articles, and other sources consulted. You should acknowledge a source any time (and every time) you use a fact or an idea that you obtained from that source. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Citation styles in Council of Science Editors style guide


1
Citation styles in Council of Science Editors
style guide
2
Introduction
Citing references properly and appropriately in
scientific research papers is crucial to
acknowledge your sources and give credit wherever
required. Science progresses only by building
upon the work of others. Every formal research
paper includes a list of bibliographic citations
describing the books, articles, and other sources
consulted. You should acknowledge a source any
time (and every time) you use a fact or an idea
that you obtained from that source.
3
Why citation is important
Why citation is important 1) Ideas are the
currency of academia First, citing sources is
crucial because the currency of academia is
ideas. 2) Failing to cite violates the rights of
the person who originated the idea Second,
keeping track of sources is important because, if
you use someone else's idea without giving
credit, you violate that person's ownership of
the idea. 3) Academics need to be able to trace
the geneology of ideas Third, keeping track of
sources is essential because academics value
being able to trace the way ideas develop.
4
Various citation formats
  • A citation can appear in various formats
  • 1) Within the text (in-text citation)
  • 2) At the bottom of the page (footnotes)
  • 3) At the end of the paper (endnotes)
  • The citation style varies with the style guide.
    In this presentation, we will be discussing the
    different citation styles used in the Council of
    Science Editors (CSE) style guide.

5
Citation styles used in the Council of Science
Editors (CSE) Style Guide
In-text references CSE offers three systems of
documentation for in-text references 1)
Citation-name system 2) Citation-sequence
system 3) Name-year system
6
In-text references
1) Citation-name system Sources are numbered
alphabetically by each author's last name in the
reference list at the end of your paper. In the
sentences of your paper, cite these sources using
the number from the reference list. This means
that the in-text citation 1 refers to the first
source in your alphabetical list.
7
In-text references
2) Citation-sequence system Sources are
numbered in the reference list at the end of the
paper by the order in which you refer to them in
your paper. In the sentences of your paper, cite
these sources using the number from the reference
list. This means that the in-text citation 1
refers to the first source mentioned in your
text. The aforementioned two systems further
include the following a) Citing multiple sources
in one sentence b) Citing one source in multiple
sentence c) Citing sources in tables and figures
8
In-text references
2) Citation-sequence system a) Citing multiple
sources in one sentence If the numbers are not
in a continuous sequence, use commas (with no
spaces) between numbers. If you have more than
two numbers in a continuous sequence, use the
first and last number of the sequence joined by a
hyphen.
For the non-dimorphic polistines such as
Polistes, Ropalidia and others, the long-standing
view is that differences in the quantity of
nourishment received during the larval stage act
as a "nutritional switch" to bias development
toward one caste or the other 7,8,11-14.
9
In-text references
2) Citation-sequence system b) Citing one
source in multiple sentences Once you have
assigned a source a number, use that same number
every time you cite it.
Moreover, the use of ROMP is advantageous because
it can yield polymers of well-defined length 6.
To synthesize the target polymers 8a and 8b we
employed the ruthenium initiator
(H2IMes)(3-Br-py)2(Cl)2RudCHPh. Its rate of
initiation relative to propagation affords
polymers of well-defined average lengths 6,8.
10
In-text references
2) Citation-sequence system c) Citing sources
in tables and figures Avoid using superscripted
numerals in figures where they might be
misconstrued as exponents. Instead, use
superscripted letters like a,b for tables and
figures. List them sequentially after all the
text citations. Moreover, citations precede the
final punctuation of the sentence that contains
the reference.
11
In-text references
  • 3) Name-year system
  • Sources are listed alphabetically in the
    reference list at the end of your paper. In the
    sentences of your paper, cite these sources by
    giving the author's last name and year of
    publication in parentheses.
  • Name-year in-text reference in CSE style takes
    the form of the author's last name and the year
    of publication in parentheses. These can further
    include the following
  • A source written by one author

The rapid discovery of the unique mechanisms
underlying crown gall disease demonstrated how
quickly an area could advince given significant
investment and competition (Zambryski 1988).
12
In-text references
  • A source written by two authors
  • A source written by two authors

Initial infection of tubers by H. solani occurs
in the field either from the seed tuber (Jellis
and Taylor 1977) or soil (Merida and Loria 1994).
Initial infection of tubers by H. solani occurs
in the field either from the seed tuber (Jellis
and Taylor 1977) or soil (Merida and Loria 1994).
13
In-text references
  • A source written by three or more authors
  • Furthermore, the following points need to be
    noted
  • Cite sources as close as practicable to the
    information they support. This might mean citing
    a source at the end of a sentence or in the
    middle of a sentence.
  • If you name your author in the sentence near the
    citation, you do not need to repeat that name in
    the citation itself.

For example, terrestrial carbon can play a
central role in supporting lake food webs (Pace
et al. 2004), while the problem of aquatic
ecosystem eutrophication is driven by urban and
agricultural land use that contributes nutrients
to downstream aquatic systems (Carpenter et al.
1998).
14
End references and the reference list

The goal of your reference list is to help your
reader identify each numbered source quickly and
clearly. CSE has standardized the information to
be provided for ease and predictability of
reading. What to call your reference
list "Reference list" is a generic term used by
CSE for the list of sources at the end of your
document. Your list should be given a more
formal title References or Cited References. If
you used some documents as sources but did not
cite them in your paper, list them alphabetically
by author under the heading Additional
References.
15
End references and the reference list
  • Format your end references
  • Authors' first names are rendered as capitals
    after their surnames.
  • The reference list is organized alphabetically by
    author's last name. When there is more than one
    work by an author, those works are organized
    chronologically.

Otegui MS, Kiessling LL, Batzli J.
Allen C, Bent A, Charkowski AO. 2009. Bennett AB,
Gratton C. 2012. Bennett AB, Gratton C.
2013. Gratton C, Vander Zanden MJ. 2009
16
End references and the reference list
  • Only the first word of a book or article title
    should be capitalized.
  • Titles are not italicized. However, species names
    are italicized.
  • To save space, journal titles are abbreviated
    according to the ISO 4 standard, shortening
    significant words and omitting insignificant
    words.

The fat-soluble vitamins handbook of lipid
research 2.
In vitro and in vivo reconstitution of the
cadherin-catenin-actin complex from
Caenorhabditis elegans.
Livestock Prod Sci. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. J
Dairy Sci.
17
End references and the reference list
  • Year of publication and volume number are
    required for all references to articles. Issue
    number is strongly recommended. To save space,
    use no spaces to separate an article's date,
    volume, and page.

Annu Rev Phytopathol. 50425-49. Mol Plant
Microbe Interact. 24(7)773-86.
18

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