Training and visit system (T&V) in Agriculture Extension

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Sohail Ilyas

• University of
  Agriculture
• Faisalabad Pakistan
• 
  Sohail17_at_hotmail.com

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Training and Visit System (T V)

• T V is a unique approach bringing professional
  subject matter specialist and farmers together to
  learn and facilitate farming operations to help
  farmers produce more

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Meaning and Concept of Training and Visit
System

• The Training and Visit system in Agricultural
  Extension Education is designed for building a
  lined professional extension service that is
  capable of guiding the farmers in agricultural
  production and raising their income by providing
  appropriate plans for country development

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Training VisitBasic Assumptions

• The assumptions with this approach are
• EFS are poorly trained and not up-to-date

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Training VisitBasic Assumptions cont.

• less frequent visits and extension contact
•  management and supervision are inadequate and
• two way flow of information between research and
  extension is weak

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Purpose

• T V approach was to ensure that
• The extension agents should carry out
  extension functions exclusively
• Extension should be closely linked with the
  research
• Training should be a regular and continuous
  process at all levels
•  Work should be time-bound
• Field and farmer orientation should be maintained

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Training Visit Cont.Nature of planning

• Top-down approach to planning
• Decisions are taken at the top
• Production recommendation send down to farmers
  for adoption
• Rural people are usually not involve
• Farmers problems and challenges are suppose to
  be conveyed to SMS by EFS

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Training Visit Cont.Implementation Techniques

• Contact farmer approach
• Field demonstration
• Farm visits and tours
• Group and individual meetings
• Telephone calls

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Training Visit Cont.Implementation Techniques

• Fortnightly visit by agent
• Fortnightly regular of EFS by SMS
• Evaluation by EFS and SMS
• Evaluation and review by RELC at the zonal level

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Training Visit Cont.Field Staffs

• Reduction of operational areas
• Regular and continue training of EFS
• Provision of logistics eg. motorbikes, teaching
  materials etc
• Better and improve emolument of EFS (Extension
  Field staff)

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Training Visit Cont.Measure of Success

• Level of adoption of innovation
• Farmers KAPS
• Productivity

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Training Visit Cont.Advantages/Strengths of
TV

• This system/approach had provided an effective
  way for improving knowledge and efficiency
  of the extension staff.
• Improvement in extension coverage
• Fixed schedule of visits to farmers, which helped
  farmers to have contact with EFS on the one hand
  and helped the supervisory staff to know
  the whereabouts of the EFS

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T V Cont. Advantages/Strengths of TV Cont.

• Regular training of the staff which helped
  to develop technical competence and effective
  delivery.
• The extension workers were assigned specific job
• Provision of logistic support in terms of
  providing mobility etc

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Failures or Weaknesses of T V

• It was a top-down approach (expert know all)
• So called expert transfer technology to solve rura
  l people problems
• It was also criticized as too rigid in terms
  of fortnightly visits especially during the slack 
  seasons

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Failures or Weaknesses of T V
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Failures or Weaknesses of T V

• Its main focus was on procedural aspects rather
  than other essential aspects like the message and
  its dissemination
• It is an expensive approach as it involves high
  level of recurrent expenditure in developing
  countries like Pakistan India

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 Failures or Weaknesses of T V

• It is too labor intensive which a poor country
  like Pakistan may not be able to afford
• This approach did not make effective use of mass
  media
• The selection of CFs was biased as they were not
  representatives of the resource poor farmers

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Thank You