the secrets of

1
the secrets of
LIVING LONGER
(From National Geographic, Nov. 2005)
2
(From National Geographic, Nov. 2005)

• SARDINIANS
• Drink red wine (in
• moderation)
• Share the work
• burden with spouse
• Eat pecorino cheese
• (derived from grass-
• fed sheep) and
• other omega-3 fatty
• acid foods

3

(From National Geographic, Nov. 2005)
4
(From National Geographic, Nov. 2005)

• OKINAWANS
• Keep life long
• friends
• Eat small
• portions
• Find purpose

5


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SARDINIANS -Drink red wine (in moderation) -Share
the work burden with spouse-Eat pecorino cheese
and other omega-3 foods
Common to ALL -Dont smoke -Put family
first -Be active everyday -Keep socially
engaged -Eat fruits, vegetables and whole
grains

OKINAWANS -Keep life long friends -Eat small
portions -Find purpose
ADVENTISTS -Eat nuts and beans -Observe the
Sabbath -Have faith
CORDILLERANS -Vegetable gardening -Long distance
walking -Cutting firewood
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And isnt we always say that
HEALTH IS WEALTH?
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The diversity found in crops is humanitys most
valuable resource, and gives us hope that we
will be able to feed ourselves in the future in
the face of uncertain climates, new pests and
diseases, and the rising population
Tewolde Gebre Egziabher
This challenge is given attention in this work
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SEMI-TEMPERATE INDIGENOUS VEGETABLES FOR BETTER
HEALTH AND FOOD SECURITY
Lorenza G. Lirio, Manuel A. Balcita, Louisa P.
Pladio, Lito O. Ayyokad, and Joyce N.
Paing Semi Temperate Vegetables Research and
Development Center Benguet State University, La
Trinidad, 2601 Benguet, Philippines
March 3-7, 2008 Arusha, Tanzania
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Introduction
A place of many tribal groups, the Cordillera
region is home to a diversity of endemic and
indigenous plant species, and even customary
practices that have become part of their
well-treasured culture and which need to be
documented before they disappear
11
Introduction
And so this documentation, particularly on the
indigenous semi-temperate vegetables of
Cordillera
12
Introduction
But- what are these so-called Indigenous
Vegetables (IVs)
13
Introduction
So-called indigenous vegetable
Refers to a crop species genuinely native to a
region, or to a crop introduced into a region
where over a period of time it has evolved (or
has been naturalized), although the species may
not be native
14
Indigenous Vegetables include those
often growing wild as weed
one of the cheapest sources of vitamins,
minerals, calories and proteins
acceptable to local tastes
more resistant to pests and diseases
15
Methodology
Chemical Analyses
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Map of CAR highlighting the places surveyed
17
Results and Discussions
Forty-nine (49) indigenous vegetables were
recorded from the eleven (11) municipalities in
Benguet and from the four(4) municipalities in
Mountain Province and including Baguio City.
These plants are distributed to 21 families
where,
18
Results and Discussions
Fig. 4. Plant distribution per family
19
Some representative vegetables
Asteraceae
Gagattang / Sonchus arvensis
Very bitter but this does not prevent the natives
from eating it w/ relish root is given for
jaundice as diuretic, for chronic indigestion,
fever, cough, bronchitis, asthma, pertussis
20
Puriket / Bidens pilosa var. minor L
Old folks use this plant in the preparation of
yeast for tapey (ricewine) making used to
prevent goiter young shoots are chewed for
rheumatism to induce sweating (meaning for
fever), to stop blood flow heal wounds,etc
21
Passifloraceae
American passion fruit / Passiflora quadrangularis
That big fruit of the plant is cooked just like
papayafruit juice makes a good fresh drink and
wine is obtained from the fermented juice used as
body cleansing
22
Native masaflora/ passion fruit / Passiflora
edulis
Old folks drink the juice from this fruit as
relief of arthritis and hypertension also good
for hangover and diarrhea
23
Solanaceae
Amti / Solanum nigrum L.
Decoction is used as mouth wash for wounds,
chronic sores, relieves itching cure for asthma,
and prevents anemia
24
Papait / Solanum Sp
Young fruits are known to folks as
Kamatis-Tarong-Parya because of the
characteristics similar to the three fruit
vegetables (tomato, eggplant and bitter gourd)
25
Umbelliferae
Takipkuhol / Gotukola Centela asiatica
For UTI and other kidney troubles root as tonic
and blood purifier and improves memory the plant
when eaten everyday, is said to prolong life
according to those interviewed
26
Zingiberaceae
Panawil
In Tadian, Mountain Province for instance, this
plant is widely consumed, eaten either as plain
blanched or added to give aromatic flavor in soups
Yellowish white fragrant flowers bloom only
during summer between March to April these
flowers and buds are cooked in
combination with fish
27
Five yet unidentified plants were noted which are
also eaten by the natives
Common names are baukok, tangtangsoy or
kunchey, kokong-ngo, inangel, and soria
28
Results and Discussions
MARKET ECONOMY
Of the 49 species surveyed, 11 IVs are already
being sold in local markets, e.g. Amti, Gendey,
Gotokula, Kalunay, Kinawang, Lagiwey, Masaplora,
Pako, Palpalsik, Papait, and Radish flowers
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MUNICIPALITY OF SAGADA
Amti, Gendey, Kalunay and Gotukola
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MUNICIPALITY OF BAUKO
Amti, Masaplora Kalunay
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MUNICIPALITY OF BONTOC
Amti, Papait Kalunay
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MUNICIPALITY OF ATOK
Masaplora Amti
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MUNICIPALITY OF BOKOD
Amti, Kalunay Lagiwey
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MUNICIPALITY OF LA TRINIDAD
Amti , Masaplora, Kalunay, Pako, Radish tops
35
MUNICIPALITY OF MANKAYAN
Amti, Kalunay, Masaplora, Kinawang, Pako, and
Papait
36
BAGUIO CITY
Amti, Kalunay, Pako Radish tops (including
flowers)
37
Results and Discussions
Fresh cut of IVs (e.g. Talinum, Pepper Mint and
Madeira vine) are also now being sold in organic
stores like LaTOP (La Trinidad Organic
Production) in La Trinidad, Benguet
38
Results and Discussions
The way things are going, we anticipate future
market demands. The foreseen intense degradative
pressure on natural environments of native
species, will deem it important to conserve and
multiply the IV germplasm thru in vitro culture
technique and other means
39
Results and Discussions
Propagation protocol for the in-vitro culture of
Lagiwey (Lactuca indica L.) have been formulated
with appropriate concentrations of growth
regulators suggested
40
The traditional food systems of indigenous
peoples contain a wealth of nutrients that have
been poorly described and reported in scientific
literatureSo, we analyzed the nutrient contents
of some widely consumed IVs in order to give idea
of what the consumers really get when they eat
such food crops
Results and Discussions
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF IVs
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Table 1. Vitamin Analysis of IVs
42
Results and Discussions
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF IVs

• It was remarkable to note that Bidens pilosa has
  the highest value of Vit. C and A.
• Vit. C acts as antioxidants and help boost the
  immune system. As was mentioned previously,
  folks have other reasons for eating this plant
  it has a goiter preventive property and is used
  in tapey or rice wine making.

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Table 2. Proximate Analysis of IVs
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Table 4. Antioxidant Activity Analysis of IVs
45
Results and Discussions
NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF IVs
Since antioxidants have the ability to directly
scavenge hydroxyl radicals and reduce harm from
damaging chemical processes in the body, an
adequate intake of natural oxidants in food is
therefore of paramount importance
46
Results and Discussions
These underutilized indigenous edible species are
widely available. Maybe all we need is to make
people become aware of these IVS, and that
awareness be transformed into utilization
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EDUCATION
CAMPAIGN
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BOOKS
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A COMPILATION OF RECIPES INDIGENOUS VEGETABLES
AS INGREDIENTS
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Poster
EDUCATION
campaign
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In Situ Planting
LA TRINIDAD
BUGUIAS
Though in small scale level it surely provides
inexpensive healthy complements in the diet
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HOME GARDENS
SAGADA, MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
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Recently, during our Community Day in celebration
of the Benguet State University Foundation Day
on January 11, 2008 we conducted aCook Fest
Competition -the objective of which was to
increase our awareness on these IVs
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INDIGENOUS VEGETABLE COOK FESTIVAL
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TASTE TESTING
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Awarding rites winning recipe - KINUYSHO
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Conclusions Recommendations
IVs have tremendous potential to address health,
food, and economic security the fact that these
species are readily available, easy to grow, and
provide affordable sources of indigenous vitamins
and minerals necessary in attaining a healthy and
productive life
58
Conclusions Recommendations
The fact that chemical analyses revealed contents
comparable, and sometimes even higher than the
commonly cultivated vegetables (such as pechay
which was used as basis for comparison) tells us
that there is every good reason for including
these indigenous crops in our diets
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Conclusions Recommendations
These IVs should be transformed from subsistence
to commercially-profitable crops in order to help
farmers increase their income
The academe should exert effort to strategically
incorporate findings of this endeavor in the
schools curriculum for wider dissemination
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Conclusions Recommendations
And we are not stopping from here
In our concern to help preserve biodiversity and
Indigenous Knowledge on production,
consumption, and conservation practices of the
IVs, we are actually doing these...
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Conclusions Recommendations

• All these things understood and done, the
  enhanced use of IVs will provide further reasons
  to maintain and conserve these plant species
  because people understand that their survival and
  livelihoods depend on them

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For a strong nation we must help promote the
nutrition needed for a well-educated, healthy and
productive workforce. After all, this is the
true gauge of development
Conclusions Recommendations
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A long healthy life is no accident. It begins
with good genes but it also depends on good
habits AND that habit is
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..Eat Vegetables- the most nutritious food
cropfor a most productive and enjoyable lifeand
youll have that most precious
HEALTH and SMILE
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Acknowledgment
The authors acknowledge the research grant from
the
VLIR-Flemish Inter-University Council (VLIR)
Philippine Institutional University Co-Operation
(PIUC)
Benguet State University (BSU)
Semi-Temperate Vegetable Research and Development
Center (STVRDC)
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Maraming Salamat
THANK YOU