Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell

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Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell

• 6.1 All organisms are made of cells
• 6.2 Membranes organize a cells activities
• 6.3 Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules
• 6.4 The cell builds a diversity of products
• 6.5 Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells
• 6.6 An internal skeleton supports the cell and
  enables movement

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6.1 All organisms are made of cells

• Objectives
• Explain the main ideas of the cell theory.
• Describe how microscopes aid the study of cells.
• Compare and contrast animal cells and plant
  cells.
• Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
  cells

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What do you have in common with..
Cells!
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6.1 Explain the main ideas of the cell theory

• Scientists, using microscopes, found cells
• in every organism they examined.
• This led to the cell theory
• All living things are composed of cells
• Cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function in living things.
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

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6.1 Describe how microscopes aid the study
of cells.

• Light microscopes (LM) 1000x actual size.
• Electron microscope uses a beam of electrons.
  1,000,000 x,
• enough to reveal details of the structures inside
  a cell.
• Scanning electron microscope
• (SEM) surface of cells
• Transmission electron microscope
• (TEM) inside of cells
• Micrographs are photos through a microscope.
• Notations like LM 200x

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Light Microscopes in Classroom
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Try labeling without notes
4x
10x
40x
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6.1 Compare and contrast animal cells and plant
cells.

• Main Differences
• Animal Plant
• cilia cell wall
• contractile vacuole central vacuole
  centrioles chloroplast

There are Prokaryotic-(no nucleus) and
Eukaryotic-(nucleus) in both kingdoms
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6.2 Describe the structure of cellular membranes.

• Cell membranes are boundaries of all cells
• Structure-
• Phospholipid bilayer
• two-layer "sandwich
• of molecules
• Proteins inserted

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6.2 Identify functions of proteins in cellular
membranes.

• Functions of cell membranes

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6.3 Relate diffusion and equilibrium.

• Diffusion
• the movement of particles from where they are
  more concentrated to where they are less
  concentrated.
• demo equilibrium, or balance
• .

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6.3 Describe how passive transport occurs
Explain how active transport differs from
passive transport

• Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are
  forms of passive transport,
• the cell DOES NOT use energy.
• In facilitated diffusion, particles pass through
  a channel in a transport protein.

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6.3 Relate osmosis to solute concentration

• The passive transport of water across a
  selectively permeable membrane is called osmosis
• Hypertonic-shrink
• Hypotonic-swell
• Isotonic-same
• Demo 1
• Demo 2

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6.3Describe how large molecules move across
a membrane

• When a cell expends energy to move molecules or
  ions across a membrane, the process is known as
  active transport

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6.4 Identify the role of the nucleus in a cell.

• A cell's nucleus contains DNAmolecules that
  direct cell activities.
• DNA contains
• Instructions
• For making
• proteins

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6.4 Describe ribosomes,
endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus

• Proteins are made by the
• ribosomes.
• Transportation membranes
• are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
• Smooth ER- no ribosomes
• Rough ER-has ribosomes
• Some products that are made in the ER
• travel to the Golgi apparatus
• which acts as
• shipping and recieving
• of the cell.

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6.4 Distinguish between the functions of
vacuoles and lysosomes

• Vacuoles store undigested nutrients
• Contractile vacuoles-animals
• Central vacuole-plants
• Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes

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6.4 Summarize the path of proteins through
membranes.
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6.5 Compare the functions of chloroplasts and
mitochondria.

• Chloroplasts are the photosynthetic organelles
  found in plants and algae.
• mitochondria are
• where cellular respiration occurs.
• This process releases energy
• from sugars.
• Suns energy to chloroplast to
• Make Glucose to mitochondria to
• change glucose to ATP energy

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6.6 Describe the role of the cytoskeleton in cell
movement

• cytoskeleton (cyto means "cell"), a network of
  fibers extending
• throughout the cytoplasm
• Straight, hollow tubes of proteins that give
  rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell are
  called microtubules
• Thinner, solid rods enable the cell to move or
  change shape are called microfilaments

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6.5 Compare and contrast the functions of
flagella and cilia

• Flagella are long, thin, whip-like structures
  that enable some cells
• to move
• Cilia are generally shorter and more numerous
  than flagella
• Remember that none of a cells organelles works
  alone. The cooperation of cellular organelles
  makes a cell a living unit that is greater than
  the sum of its parts

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